. Just 80 years ago, American college students unabashedly thought Turkish people were cruel, very religious, and treacherous (Katz & Braly, 1933). They are excited on the morning of the competition because they both believe that their team is going to win since they are the better team. NIMBY, also spelled Nimby, in full Not in My Backyard or Not in My Backyard Phenomenon, a colloquialism signifying one's opposition to the locating of something considered undesirable in one's neighborhood. Chapter 13 Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet chp 9 psych Flashcards | Quizlet It pays the utility bill during July. Tensions between, say, a White persons own good intentions, on the one hand, and discomfort with closely interacting with a Black person, on the other hand, may cause the White person to behave stiffly or be distracted. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). How can people learn to get along with people who seem different from them? the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another, the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition, the tendency for observers, when analyzing anothers behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition, feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events, occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts, occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speakers attractiveness, the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request, a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave, the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet - labinsky.com (Extremes). The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. b. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. In terms of basic social categories, the members of Nestor's cross-country ski club are the _____ and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____. It was used in the context of the last major effort by electric utilities . After meeting Kim, who has a 4.0 GPA and volunteers 20 hours each week to help disabled children, Beth says "Well, Kim is an exception to the rule." It turns out, however, that peoples reaction time on the IAT predicts actual feelings about out-group members, decisions about them, and behavior towardthem, especially nonverbal behavior (Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009). Duverger's law - Wikipedia What For example, if you were asked to categorize ice cream as good or bad, you might quickly categorize it as good. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. This example is an illustration of: If researchers found that people take longer to identify words such as assertive and bold as "strong" when the words are associated with female faces rather than with male faces, this finding would illustrate: This best illustrates the value of, Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. The tenency to favor our own group: Term. After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. Biases can explicit (overt and conscious) or more implicit (automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent). D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. quiz 5 psych 312.docx - Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to An example of the fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by: Politicians who publicly oppose a tax increase that they privately favor best illustrate that, That actions may sometimes be inconsistent with attitudes, The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by, The set of prescribed behaviors associated with a particular social position is best described as, Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. 97 terms. Social comparison and social identity: Some prospects for intergroup behaviour. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. First, there is the problem of stereotyping. D) experience increasing attraction to novel stimuli that become more familiar. Was the White person wrong because they will never learn to be comfortable if they avoid contact? Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students. Another case in which people judge other members of the ingroup very negatively occurs when a member of one's own group behaves in a . As a result, the White person may give a good excuse to avoid such awkward situations. Participants paid $1 more likely to change their beliefs about the task. This fact is consistent with the principle that ________ breeds prejudice. Model: Je vais visiter\ldots Je vais voir\ldots Je vais (faire)\ldots, Search words: myswitzerland.com: une histoire d'eau 30. For example, a person might not have ever been to a Hindu wedding, but their experience of weddings as a general category can help them know what to expect and how to behave. Consider the utility maximization problem, maxxa+ysubjecttopx+y=m\max x^a+y \quad \text { subject to } p x+y=m It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. Quia - AP Psychology Ch.16 Social Historical examples abound. The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) elitism . the tendency to favor our own group. c. They have relatively low levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. _____ refers to the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters.a) Conservatism b) Relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Ableism ANS: c A-head: Culture and Intergroup Relations REF: 363 Feedback: Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view the world through one's own cultural filters. c. social facilitation. Liking yourself and the groups to which you belong is natural. ch 9 quiz Flashcards | Quizlet At another end of the spectrum are homeless people and drug addicts, stereotyped as not having good intentions (perhaps untrustworthy) and likewise being incompetent (unable) to do anything useful. Also called the cross- race effect and the own- race bias. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: a. amygdala Explaining behaviors based on a person's characteristics; traits, maturity, etc. One student admitted that he had once considered becoming an accountant but decided against it because "accountants are all boring number crunchers without an ounce of creativity." b. physical attractiveness. d. deindividuation. (Ask a partner what he or she orders in a restaurant in the following situations.). B) ingroup bias. Intergroup relations. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. Which branch of psychology is most connected with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another, Attribution theory was designed to account for, Ksana insists that her boyfriends car accident resulted form his carelessness. credibility. Chapter 9 Flashcards | Chegg.com B) an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Cindy's reaction best illustrates, People's physical attractiveness is unrelated to their, In an experiment by Dutton and Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. June 7, 2022 1 Views. Psychology questions and answers. a. ingroup bias. Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. Two months before the 2018 midterms, President Trump had a 40% job approval rating. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Another example includes people who feel benevolent toward traditional women but hostile toward nontraditional women. It was considered acceptable to openly disparage entire groups of people and to pass laws that restricted or harmed these groups. This is an example of: Elena's boss fires her because he is downsizing his company. As a result, outgroup disliking stems from this in-group liking (Brewer & Brown, 1998). Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). The tendency for people to believe the world is Just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. To illustrate this pattern, we turn to two ideologies related to bias. More recently, during the COVID-19 pandemic, some people held hostile views of Asian-Americans, who they perceived as being associated with the coronavirus (Misra, Le, Goldmann & Yang, 2020). The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Subtle biases (also called automatic or implicit biases) are unexamined and sometimes unconscious, but just as real in their consequences. Plan a vacation in Switzerland that centers around its natural landscape. Like most students in her school, she believes that Carson Elementary School is the best school in town. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as . She goes against the common idea of older adults as being weak or unhealthy. Its not that the person high in SDO wants to control what this outgroup member does; its that moving into this nice neighborhood disrupts the social hierarchy the person high in SDO believes in (i.e. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. What is the correct present tense conjugation of the verb? For example, ethnic Asians living in the United States are commonly referred to as the model minority because of their perceived success in areas such as education, income, and social stability. Devine and her colleagues (2005) note that automatic prejudices subside when ________. Some group stereotypes are mixed, high on one dimension and low on the other. This is an example of: individuals sometimes perform poorly when apprehensive about being stereotyped. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. Verify that U/p=x(p,m)\partial U^* / \partial p=-x^*(p, m)U/p=x(p,m). Draw a circle graph with this information. The scale, from Luhtanen and Crocker (1992), is shown in Table 12.2 "The Collective Self-Esteem Scale". What groups illustrate ambivalent biases, seemingly competent but cold, or warm but incompetent? Suicide and suicidal thoughts - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic Katz, D., & Braly, K. (1933). 3. Dispositional (Internal) Attribution Theory. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. 3. a special and definite purpose in a novel or other literary work. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. 2022. University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. a. scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. For example, a job interviewer might have two qualified applicants; a man and a woman. Categories . . Situational (External) Attribution Theory. b. prejudice. Impact. For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. c. offering them opportunities to play violent video games when they feel angry. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. Such a reaction will be ambiguous to both parties and difficult to interpret. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of, A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage, Participants in the Milgram obedience studies were ordered to, Deliver electric shocks to a learner for giving incorrect answers, Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's initial obedience experiment because, The "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted. For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. Quia - AP Psychology - Unit 14 Vocabulary Review These four kinds of stereotypes and their associated emotional prejudices (see Figure 2) occur all over the world and apply to each societys own groups. The test itself is rather simple (and you can experience it yourselfhere). Was the White person right to avoid the situation so that neither person would feel uncomfortable? Although categorizing can be useful, it can also result in serious and negative consequences when labels are associated with a person or groups worth. The girls are reacting to: Your new roommate is from Ireland. If people do not want to invite Margaret on vacation because they fear that she will move too slowly (a common view of older people) then they are discriminating against her. Module 43 Questions Flashcards | Quizlet In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. python 3d scatter plot with labels; (1974). Discrimination is a behavior bias against a person (or group) based on stereotyped beliefs about that group. This best illustrates. Fundamental Attribution Error - Simply Psychology (tn dn si) n., pl. Researchers suggested three possible reasons that why watching TV is negatively linked to children's achievement. One aggression-replacement program has brought down re-arrest rates of juvenile offenders by: Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one's own in-group over another's outgroup. When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. Whenever this person encounters a person that is both left-handed and creative, they place greater . "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". According to Gallup's polling . 0 . Membership. Rumination refers to the tendency to repetitively think about the causes, situational factors, and consequences of one's negative emotional experience (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. 12.2 Ingroup Favoritism and Prejudice - Principles of Social Psychology In fact, this finding generally holds regardless of whether ones group is measured according race, age, religion, nationality, and even temporary, insignificant memberships. ppp and mmm, and check their signs. Alex is likely to conform to their opinion if, He feels insecure in his role as a new member of the team, After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. What Is Outgroup Bias? | Definition & Examples Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. B) self-serving bias. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). (2010), since the Iraq war, Americans with a strong national identity expressed the most disdain for: People redirect their hostility when the cause of their frustration is intimidating or unknown. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo: The VUCA challenge. A groups position on the dimensions of warmth and competence dictate whether we relate to its members with admiration, dehumanizing contempt, competitive envy, or paternalistic caretaking. Log in Join. The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. Carl Rogers's Actualizing Tendency: Your Ultimate Guide CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. - Course Hero nearness; the greater the exposure one has to another person, the more one generally comes to like that person. The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. If people hold a negative view of Margaret because they hold negative views about older adults in general, this is prejudice. a. deindividuation. Being aware of our own tendency to fixate on the negative is also important. tendency: 1 n an inclination to do something Synonyms: leaning , propensity Type of: inclination that toward which you are inclined to feel a liking n an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others "a tendency to be too strict" Synonyms: disposition , inclination Types: show 31 types. Scapegoat Theory: . An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . This is not to suggest that actual older people are not competent, of course, but that they are not widely admired for their accumulated wisdom. A generalized (sometimes accurate, but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. In the United States, for instance, waves of new immigrants such as Chinese people, Irish people, and Italians, were met with open hostility, with attitudes often shifting to the most recent group of immigrants. Question 1 2 out of 2 points A tendency to favor one's own group is called: Selected Answer: Response Feedback: ingroup bias. Which of the following statements is likely to be true of Bill? Calls for national unity and patriotism that do not tolerate dissenting voices are an example. Ethnocentrism. They are Canadian, or fans of Manchester United, or are doctors. A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). Iceland, for example, guarantees legal equality between men and women. We commonly say that we should not label others but we cannot help but do so. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias: just-world phenomenon Indicate the amount of expenses (if any) the firm recognizes during the months of June, July, and August in each of the following hypothetical transactions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. Expert Answer. People higher on SDO tend to choose and thrive in occupations that maintain existing group hierarchies (police, prosecutors, business), compared to those lower in SDO, who tend to pick more equalizing occupations (social work, public defense, psychology). . They prescribe "proper" behavior. We group household objects together as furniture, certain domestic animals as pets, and certain books as classics. Categories are helpful because they provide a mental roadmap for how to interact in novel situations. self-worth. Not all stereotypes of outgroups are all bad. On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? swissworld: paysages, Pregntale a otro(a) estudiante qu pide en un restaurante en las siguientes situaciones. Turner, J. C. (1975). Altemeyer, B. Understandably, people from the first list of groups tends to score higher on SDO, while those from the second group tend to score lower. : Men are more intelligent. Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. The phrase "not in my backyard," shortened to "NIMBY," seems to have appeared first in the mid-1970s. The extrinsic incentives bias is best described as the tendency for Chapter 7 Flashcards | Chegg.com Today, there is a greater appreciation of the fact that not all biases are overt hostility based on a personal animosity toward members of a group. Basically, rumination . Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called, Studies of implicit attitudes indicate that prejudice is often, Prejudice can be not only subtle but also automatic and unconscious.

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