Sandra Bradley /Wentworth Films NARRATOR:To gain entry, each newcomer needed an American sponsor willing to sign an affidavit of financial support promising the immigrant would not become a public charge. : KURT KLEIN:I'll never forget November of 1942. People could and did speak out against that, and also it wasn't the official policy of our government to be anti-Semitic. Although the war was far from over, the turning of the tide in favor of the Allies made the American public more willing to consider humanitarian issues that had previously taken a back seat to concerns about European Jews established the Zionist movement in 1897 with the aim of creating a Jewish state in the Holy Land, both as a haven for Jews fleeing persecution and to revive the Jewish homeland that existed in biblical times. be engaged in understanding this crucial chapter in American Transit-Film-Gesellschaft MBH In October they held an unprecedented demonstration in Washington. Anti-Defamation League ", "The State Department was actively blocking information about the genocide, " says historian David Wyman. And then, at about 11 o'clock, he said to me, "What church do you go to?" The telephone company hired no Jews. These bombs flying toward I.G. Very truly yours, H.K. The history of how America responded to the Nazi persecution of European Jewry revolves around the . A timeline of America's reaction to the Holocaust. He has written more than twenty books about American Jewish history, the Holocaust, and related topics, including, The Jews Should Keep Quiet: Franklin D. Roosevelt, Stephen S. Wise, and the Holocaust. The film is produced by Martin Ostrow. His testimony stalled the legislation. It was very moving. , Enhanced typesetting : Senator Robert Wagner (D-NY) and Representative Edith Rogers (R-MA) served as the lead sponsors of the resolution. The January 1933 rise of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist (Nazi) Party to power caught much of the international community by surprise. These ebooks can only be redeemed by recipients in the US. ARNOLD FORSTER:The Bermuda conference was a failure because the real result was that they decided, the two powers, that first the war had to be won and then Jews could be taken care of. This is an excellent and very disturbing documentary about America's reaction to news about European . And she said, "Why are you doing this?" It was Yom Kippur of 1940, the Day of Atonement in the fall of 1940. In 1944, more than 17 months after news of Hitler's plan to annihilate Europe's Jews reached the U.S., President Roosevelt issued an executive order that established the War Refugee Board. KURT KLEIN:Once more everything fell apart. Follow authors to get new release updates, plus improved recommendations. You had to have a French visa to sortie - that's an exit visa from France. NARRATOR:The State Department was an old-line agency. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT:Today's threat to our national security is not a matter of military weapons alone. Centre du Documentation Juive Contemporaine And I said no. For Jews trying to escape the Reich, the door to Palestine was now virtually shut. SYLVIA SYDNEY:["We Shall Never Die"]Here the Germans turned machine guns on us and killed us all. University of Southern California, Ben Hecht, its author, was an eminent screenwriter and Broadway playwright. Over on the far side, I saw a girl leaning against the entrance to the factory. Why don't we just support the written law and not seek for ways to circumnavigate around it and-- just to benefit certain large groups of immigrants. Enhancements you chose aren't available for this seller. The chronology was imposed by the evolution of German policy toward the Jews. Includes initial monthly payment and selected options. The only excuse that I can give -- and it's a pretty weak one -- is that they were tangled up with oil, with the Arabs, with the British, with the mandate, with Palestine and with everything else, and they were trying to look down the road. Please try again. JOHN PEHLE:The Bermuda conference was a conference set up to not accomplish anything, and the people who represented the United States there were given those instructions. 6th NEWSREEL ANNOUNCER:The pageant,We Will Never Die,is New York's Jewish protest against Nazi massacre. And then he added, "And the reason why you hesitate to do this is that sons and daughters of yours have jobs in the New Deal agencies which are now open to Jews, and you are afraid that you are going to rock the boat.". National Center for Jewish Film MIKE VIDAL, RENNER WUNDERLICH, Post Production Assistants David Bruce Smith National Archives Paul Stekler, Bob Summers DAVID WYMAN:The real reason Roosevelt established the board was not because of a sudden moral awakening -- after all, he'd been aware of the basic facts all along -- it was a political decision. Radu loanid, Amy Kautzman NARRATOR:The Kleins were now victims of calculated bureaucratic delay. Long's policies would directly control the future for the Kleins, for all those cramming into consulates across Europe. ", NARRATOR:There were restrictions in job opportunities. American Experience | America and the Holocaust, Hitler and Goebbels: A Deadly Partnership. NARRATOR:Jewish groups refuted Long, and the State Department's policies began to unravel. I must tell you it discouraged the American Jewish community. U.S. National Archives Confronted with this nasty scandal, Roosevelt made the move, established the War Refugee Board and thereby cut off further discussion in Congress. DAVID WYMAN:Early in Roosevelt's third term in 1941, the refugees in Europe still held hopes of coming to the United States. VIOLA BERNARD, M.D.,Non-Sectarian Committee for Refugee Children:The need for this kind of legislation was desperately pressing. Manuscript Library, Columbia University MARTIN SMOK, MARK TROTTENBERG : (Enter your ZIP code for information on American Experience events and screening in your area.). How otherwise can we explain the reports of sending numberless Jewish people from Berlin and other cities at an hour's notice, packed like cattle into trains with their destination either Poland or some part of occupied Russia? LEWIS WEINSTEIN, Attorney:Here in Boston, I heard anti-Semitic remarks by a speaker and I heard yelling by the group around him, "We've got to get rid of the Jews. One of the first public figures to make effective use of the airwaves, Charles E. Coughlin, was for a time one of the most influential personalities on American radio. American Jewish Historical Society NARRATOR:The petition called for the establishment of a special government rescue agency. Please try again. In the evening again coffee or tea along with 260 grams of bread which has to last the entire next day. Rabbi STEPHEN S. WISE:We may move our country and the United Nations to act now. Your Father.". In a desperate last stand, the remaining Jewish inhabitants began a hopeless month-long battle against them. Mass execution of Jews continues, killed by poison gas in chambers. After that, the Statue of Liberty came into view and I had a sense that I was personally secure. Nevertheless, when I approached her bunk, she seemed quite lucid and we had a lengthy chat. 1st NEWSREEL ANNOUNCER:Reporters rushed the news to the nation and the President's statement is read by Felix Belair ofThe New York Times. In Washington, the response was immediate. You had to have your American visa either promised or stamped into your passport, and you had to have a boat ticket or onward transportation. It was the time when I was drafted into the American Army, which gave me a measure of pride to be serving the country that was fighting this evil. Petrified Films, Inc. , Screen Reader Jan Karski RUTH TOFLER-RIESEL, Photographed by Lawrence Shubow, Liberation Poem read by Franklin D. Roosevent Library Got it! Ken Burns, US and the Holocaust. KURT KLEIN:We found people generally were aware of the situation in Germany, but somehow we couldn't get the urgency across to them that something should be done immediately. Many of the new government agencies had hired Jews. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Dr. Viola Bernard Change country: ZIP Code . In the summer of 1941, using the exaggerated issue regarding subversion among the refugees, the State Department set up yet another group of regulations. NARRATOR:During the presidential campaign of 1940, Roosevelt never promised help for refugees. In 1939, a bill proposed special sanctuary for 20,000 children outside the quota. KURT KLEIN:My brother, sister and I set to work. . Finally, the ship was forced back to Europe, sailing first for days along the Florida coast. And people told us that there was a lovely beach somewhere in Chesapeake Bay, and we drove down there. response to Hitler's rise, U.S. public opinion about Jews, The refineries were no farther than 45 miles from these crematoria. A cousin of the President, Laura Delano, commented, "Twenty thousand charming children would all too soon grow into 20,000 ugly adults." However, they ought to be available again within a few days. NARRATOR:By spring 1942, rumors moved through western Europe: entire villages, cities being emptied of Jews, massive deportations somewhere to the east. Rosalie Smolinsky, Soep Associates The first comprehensive volume to teach about Americas response to the Holocaust through visual media. In late December the Senate Foreign Relations Committee unanimously adopted the Beginning in the late spring of 1944, representatives of Jewish organizations in the United States and abroad began privately urging the Roosevelt administration to bomb the railway tracks and bridges leading from Hungary to Poland, over which Jews were being transported to the Auschwitz death camp. Hal Linden narrates. There was a problem adding this item to Cart. Near the end of 1942, with four million Jews still alive in Europe, Stephen Wise and other Jewish leaders presented a document to President Roosevelt detailing the Nazi plan for extermination. The first comprehensive volume to teach about Americas response to the Holocaust through visual media, America and the Holocaust: A Documentary History. And the worst thing is that Father and I are compelled to be separated for such long periods of time. In coming weeks, 40 rallies were mounted across the country by Wise and allied organizations. RABBI:We pray and appeal to the Lord, blessed be he, that our most gracious president, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, consider and recognize this momentous hour of history, that he may save the remnant of the people of the Book, the people of Israel. Please use a different way to share. One secret assignment: to witness the death camp in Belzec. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. , Text-to-Speech Kurt Klein and Family THE AMERICAN EXPERIENCE, WGBH Educational Foundation White House spokesmen claimed the President was too busy, but a look at his appointment calendar reveals he was free that afternoon. I had done what the Nazis wanted me to do, namely, leave Germany. All of these things had to happen within a four-month period. We would picket the White House and we would demand of the President that he use his influence on the Nazis, as the great neutral power, to stop the killings." One of the hardest punches in this documentary is the illumination of the pseudo-science of eugenics, which was born and raised in the early part of the 20th century. At the same time on Capitol Hill pressure was building against the administration's inaction. The administrations of presidents Martin Van Buren, James Buchanan, and Ulysses Grant, respectively, protested the mistreatment of Jews in Syria, Switzerland, and Rumania, in the late 1800s; in 1902 President Theodore Roosevelt spoke out against the persecution of Jews in Rumania. NARRATOR:In the second half of 1943, the government's longstanding policy of not rescuing European Jews was challenged simultaneously on two fronts, the first in a branch of government normally not involved with refugees, the Treasury Department. , The Jewish Publication Society (May 1, 2022), Publication date Two weeks later, Wise received the same information through an independent source in London and approached the State Department. : A year later, legislation making it possible to admit children from war-torn England passed with enthusiasm. The conclusion of that part of the report was his statement. In June of 1937, more than a year beforeKristalInacht,Kurt Klein at age 17 had his first glimpse of America. NARRATOR:They called for revised immigration procedures and actions at an international level. It was as if the country preferred not to know. UCLA Film and Television Archive NARRATOR:Will Rogers, Jr., was one of the politicians, actors, authors, journalists Bergson and his colleagues enlisted for a campaign of public awareness. Jane Feinberg Paperback. You will tell them that the guilty ones will be punished for their crimes. They were noted as far away as Washington by Eleanor Roosevelt in her weekly radio broadcast. Almost all countries closed their doors to all but a handful of refugees, due to the economic stress caused by the Great Depression, as well as the rising tide of hostility to foreigners in general and Jews in particular. ARTHUR HERTZBERG, DAVID KRANZLER I asked about her companions, and she said, "Come, let me show you," and we went inside. ANN SCOTT, ADRIENNE WOLLMAN, Publicity Hillel Kook, Kenneth Libo "Their attitude was, `If we're patient, we find that the problems of the Jews in Germany are not really life-threatening. And my father continues: "As you can see, our emigration will not go as fast as imagined, and we regret you will be disappointed.". Many were sponsored by a friend of the President, who would later become one of the first Americans to learn the full extent of Hitler's horrors - prominent rabbiStephen S. Wise. ${cardName} unavailable for quantities greater than ${maxQuantity}. And he tendered his hand. Although everything was in readiness, they could not be handed over to us because no more German quota numbers were available. They now recognized that America and Britain -- the two great western democracies, Hitler's enemies -- were deeply committed to a policy of not rescuing Jews. Clip: Ep1 | 5m 43s. Samuel Merlin THE LAST DAYS: Steven Spielberg, Holocaust Documentary, Academy Award, $6.17. NARRATOR:But during the 1920's and '30s, anti-Semitism was a way of life in much of America. NARRATOR:Wise and his followers were ardent Roosevelt supporters, but in the anti-Semitic atmosphere of the times, many Jews were frightened and reluctant to press the administration too hard. I learned, in my own research, that particularly it was seen in Zurich, in Oslo, in some consulates in Vichy France and in Lisbon. The twenty chapters The President, Franklin Roosevelt, could have made much of this appalling news had he chosen to, but he said nothing; nor, in the months following, did any reporter ever ask him about it. NANCY FARRELL By the end of 1941, more than half a million Jews would be murdered. NARRATOR:Born in Waldorf, a small village near the Rhine, 13-year-old Kurt Klein celebrated his bar mitzvah in 1933, the year Franklin Roosevelt took office in America and Hitler came to power in Germany, the year the Nazis began their assault to purify German culture. He kept me approximately one hour 20 minutes. America would make no exception to its rigid immigration laws. The first comprehensive volume to teach about Americas response to the Holocaust through visual media, America and the Holocaust: A Documentary History explores the complex subject through the lens of one hundred important documents that help illuminate and amplify key episodes and issues. It is a problem that belongs to humanity and it is a challenge to the soul of man. Nor does the Holocaust need an attachment to America to reveal its horror and alert the world to its significance. And it was on a Jewish basis at all, whatever the -- I was either approached by Peter Bergson or agreed to go along in the Bergson group. Please try again. JOHN PEHLE:The Jewish agencies themselves weren't sure that they wanted us to arrange this. Viewing NARRATOR:Some 2,800 bombers targeted the oil refineries during the months when 150,000 Jews were being gassed. KURT KLEIN:On Sunday nights we would always listen to Father Coughlin and it brought back shades of what I had recently experienced within Germany, but there was one difference. Spotlighting the tragedy for the public remained the burden of American Jews. John E. Allen, Inc. He seemed to have grown up with this capacity, perhaps with his mother's milk, I don't know, but he was so good at it. And what he achieved really made a difference. In the field, the American consulates held the final word on visas. NARRATOR:The ad drew attention to an American press account that Romania might release 70,000 captive Jews. Immediately he embraced a new commitment -- to move the story from the back pages to the front page of public awareness. NARRATOR:It was hoped Washington would do more than condemn the Nazis. He got up in the synagogue and he said, "Our brothers are being killed in Europe by the Nazis." Archive Photos With Hal Linden. These were people who were on the outside and they were not really of major concern. From 1924 on, yearly quotas allowed four times as many people from Britain and Ireland as from all of eastern and southern Europe. Their investigationshowcased in " The U.S. and the Holocaust ," a three-part documentary series premiering on PBS on September 18illuminates the anti-immigrant sentiment that prevailed . Shortly after the conclusion of an October 1943 conference of Allied foreign ministers in Moscow, a reporter asked President Roosevelt whether the meeting had included any discussion of helping Jewish victims of atrocities or persecution. The president replied, That I dont know. End of quote. To prevent funds from falling into enemy hands, Washington required a special wartime license to be approved by both State and Treasury. U.S. Paperback. Rabbi STEPHEN S. WISE:In Hitler Europe within this year the number of Jews slain in one or another inhuman way stands between two and three million. Across Germany synagogues burned. administration painted a magnanimous picture -- 55,000 quota places for that year alone went unused. Many others, however, were intimidated by the widespread antisemitism, nativism, and isolationism in interwar America (see chapter 2) and therefore refrained from speaking out on some controversial issues. The following maps describe a few instances of Allied inaction and show just a small selection of the atrocities being committed in one area of Eastern Europe. I've always loved America, and even during the time when we were so desperately trying to get our parents here, that didn't interfere with that love at all. Try to find out other lines.". So it fell to Jewish activists to bring the information to the American public. We trust you can do something for us over there in the near future which would serve to calm down Mother especially. The transformation of Nazi persecution from discrimination, ghettoization, and sporadic violence to the organized mass murder of European Jewry began when Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. LEONA ZARSKY, Physician:I remember going to New York to see the pageant. NARRATOR:"Keep refugees out, they'll take American jobs," was the argument, but often the real concerns went deeper than employment. He was asked to remain silent until the department verified the reports that millions were slated for death. Sign up for the American Experience newsletter! Later, perhaps after the war, we discovered that at the very time we were recommending this, bombing all around Auschwitz was going on from Italy, and we had been misled. In October 1940, he learned they had been deported on an hour's notice without their passports to Vichy France along with all the Jewish people in their region. The Kurt Weill Foundation for Music, Inc. NARRATOR:The closed-door conference met in a remote Bermuda hotel. But, then, I am Jewish. JOSEPH VITAGLIANO, IVAN ZACHARIAS, Sound Recording Doris W. Soman action, the question of bombing Auschwitz, and liberation. At the same time, other Jewish organizations held rallies around the country. Holocaust Memorial Museum The great shame is that if Roosevelt had created the board a year earlier and if it had been truly empowered, the War Refugee Board could have saved tens of thousands -- even hundreds of thousands more and, in the process, have rescued the conscience of the nation. Throughout the Holocaust years, American Jewish leaders sought to enlist Christian organizations and clergy to join protests on behalf of European Jewish refugees, without great success. In the mornings, there's some black, so-called coffee, at noon a thin soup mostly of cabbage, carrots or turnips. He said, "I wouldn't hire a Jew. But again, I was never sure that non-Jews saw it as anything but a wonderful theatrical spectacle. In a public opinion poll taken in 1942 in answer to the question, "Which groups menace the country most," Jews were listed third, just behind the Germans and the Japanese. ALAN KRAUT, DEBORAH LIPSTADT Girls were lying all around the floor on scraps of straw, some of them obviously quite close to death. The first comprehensive examination of Americas response to the Holocaust through visual media, America and the Holocaust: A Documentary History explores this complex subject through the lens of one hundred important documents that help to illuminate and amplify key episodes and issues. Gerd Wagner, Bernard Warach "Roosevelt refused to focus on the issue. "The State Department probably had a greater degree of anti-Semitism than others, particularly in the immigration section," says former Treasury Department employee Edward Bernstein. Yes, they have tried to drag us to the lowest level of human existence, demeaned us and treated us worse than animals, yet something seems to have remained alive within us, for it stirs anew. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. When the Bermuda Conference finally wrapped up its 12 days of secret deliberations very little had been achieved. Try again. Amazon has encountered an error. Archive Films, Inc. But the number is terribly small compared to the total of six million killed. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2022, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. This phase of the Nazi mass murder later came to be known as the Holocaust by bullets.. Each chapter pivots on five key documents: two in image form and three in text form. (Chris Pizzello/Invision | AP) Ken Burns, shown in 2021, has a new documentary titled "The U.S. and the Holocaust." Third There is a horrific and haunting piece that makes Burns' work so . I was -- saw concentration camp in Belzec. The American Press in Germany. The first comprehensive volume to teach about America's response to the Holocaust through visual media, America and the Holocaust: A Documentary History explores the complex subject through the lens of one hundred important documents that help illuminate and amplify key episodes and issues. All eyes were on nonfiction films tonight when the Critics Choice Documentary Awards took place in New York City. In the aftermath of the November 1938 Kristallnacht pogrom, large numbers of German Jews desperately sought admission to any country that would accept them. Sarah Ogilvie, Hagai Pinsker Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. The Bettmann Archive NARRATOR:Newspapers played up the story and American Jews organized large rallies. Some of the requests also proposed bombing the gas chambers and crematoria within the camp. Each chapter pivots on five key documents: two in image form and three in text form. My sister, who was a nurse, could no longer practice her nursing because she was Jewish and was, in fact, the first one who left in 1936. MICHAEL SHEPLEY PUBLIC RELATIONS In Poland, the Nazis moved to liquidate the Warsaw ghetto. Vice President Wallace received the petition. Peter Bergson I was young, of course, and inexperienced and didn't know what to do, so I got as far as someone's secretary who promised to take up the matter with her superior and later came back and brushed me off with the usual platitudes. That was part of the reason why Jewish hospitals became important in the 1930's. Many American Protestant clergy had spent time in German seminaries or had other connections to the German church that made it hard for them to acknowledge that Germany had changed so drastically. In the years to follow, the terms national home and commonwealth often would be used interchangeably to mean a sovereign, independent Jewish state, As the year 1944 began, President Roosevelt faced a rising tide of public and congressional pressure for action to rescue Jews from the Nazis. One of them, I recall, was "70,000 Jews for sale.". Brand New Sealed DVD PBS Frontline FRL63109 Never Forget to Lie Holocaust Child . Bombing railroad lines is not very effective 'cause they can be rebuilt overnight, so it involved wiping out the extermination facility. Historical Pictures/Stock Montage Just out, late paper.Silver Ranger,late paper - free speech stopped by Jew riot. One of those activists, a person not connected with the mainline Jewish organizations, who would later come into sharp conflict with them, was a newcomer to America from Palestine,Peter Bergson. At the same time, the persistent Bergson group launched an all-out campaign calling for the establishment of a government rescue agency. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon, [{"displayPrice":"$30.00","priceAmount":30.00,"currencySymbol":"$","integerValue":"30","decimalSeparator":".","fractionalValue":"00","symbolPosition":"left","hasSpace":false,"showFractionalPartIfEmpty":true,"offerListingId":"ATkQBE052ODqkJ1xqTxAdfov1xl63DnOf2%2FpNpiry1UeGffsYTCCCbTxYwiZViOPlGPmRUIGKRfw4ijdjyoq26HEpTDZvFw3yGtqlkKmE0%2FndodDihKH7kj6kuLNn5JthGonuBucO7otUoLjcq8bhQ%3D%3D","locale":"en-US","buyingOptionType":"NEW"}]. $57.13 7 New from $55.89. NARRATOR:Following the war, Kurt Klein received a message in answer to inquiries about his parents. I saw terrible things." Music Corporation, agent for Yuvo Institute, Archival Photos Courtesy of: , Sticky notes Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club thats right for you for free. Each chapter pivots on five key documents: two in image form and three in text form. American Red Cross In 20 years of research, probably the most disgraceful document that I've ever run into is this memorandum written by Breckinridge Long in June 1940 in which he outlines the means by which consuls secretly and illegally can cut very sharply into immigration. The government attempted to quell the Jewish outcry by announcing a joint British-American rescue conference. The campaign against the 200,000 Jews waiting to exit the Reich was intensifying. America and the Holocaust uses the moving tale of Klein's struggles against a wall of bureaucracy to free his parents to explore the complex social and political factors that led the American government to turn its back on the plight of the Jews. Robert 1. WILL ROGERS, Jr.:I think the most effective thing that we of the Bergson group did was our advertising and our ads. The twenty chapters address a broad range of subjects and events, among them Americas response to Hitlers rise, U.S. public opinion about Jews, immigration policy, the Wagner-Rogers bill to save children, American rescuers, news coverage of atrocities, American Jewish and Christian responses to the Holocaust, the campaign for U.S. rescue action, the question of bombing Auschwitz, and liberation. The fifth case, involving U.S. Army Sergeant Roddie Edmonds, took place in a German prisoner-of-war camp. DAVID WYMAN:In the House hearings, the worst problems occurred when Breckinridge Long appeared and gave closed-door testimony. REP. MARTIN DIES:Our unemployment problem was transferred to the United States from foreign lands, and if we had refused admission to the 16,500,000 foreign-born in our midst, there would be no serious unemployment problem to harass us. From time to time, a handful squeezed through the quota system. Samuel Merlin, Ernest Michel Wagner, a senator from a state with a large Jewish voting population who had also sponsored federal anti-lynching legislation three years earlier, felt a sense of kinship with the German Jewish refugee children; he himself was born A small number of Americans were directly involved in assisting Jews endangered by the Nazis. And I tried to explain to her what we were doing, but here was somebody calling on the telephone and saying why did I agree to be head of the War Refugee Board? NARRATOR:Wise's American Jewish Congress and other major Jewish organizations challenged the government's position that nothing could be done short of winning the war. NARRATOR:"We can delay and effectively stop, for a temporary period of indefinite length, the number of immigrants into the United States. That should avoid financial losses for you or your guarantors.' They chronicled the State Department obstructionism and urged their boss to go to the President. ", SOPHIE WEINFIELD, Secretary:I had just finished college. NARRATOR:Then the Treasury investigators uncovered a copy of the State Department's cable ordering its legation in Switzerland not to pass along extermination reports. I myself could scarcely believe such things could occur in a 20th-century civilization.". NARRATOR:Nine hundred eighty-two refugees arrived in August 1944. In many cases, this approval will undoubtedly have to be rescinded. The Germans have promised to deliver to the world, by the end of the year, a Christmas package of four million dead Jews, and this is not a Jewish problem. As Hitler's Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, Goebbels masterminded the Nazipropaganda machineand executed its murderous agenda. During the year that followed his order, immigration was cut in half. Criticism of the administrations refugee policy was intensifying in publications that were normally sympathetic to the president, especially the Nation and the New Republic. Please try again later. He was a member of the Irgun, the underground organization in Palestine willing to use violence there to press for a Jewish state. "Even though we continued our attempts to get our parents out--because we knew that they were in the unoccupied part of France which was still not totally under German control--everything we did for them turned into nothing," recalls Kurt Klein. "We Will Never Die" KURT KLEIN:As I entered the factory courtyard, I saw what I can only describe as walking skeletons going about their pathetic task of pumping water at a hand pump in the center of the courtyard. Jewish officials made such pleas to British and Soviet officials as well. Susan Fanshel, Steve Goodell He said, "If we had any Jewish dignity, we would, at the end of this fast, get into our cars and go from Baltimore" -- where we lived -- "to Washington. Britain controlled Palestine and until the late '30s had allowed Jewish immigration. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! : The staff at Treasury uncovered the smoking gun when they pressed the State Department and the British to explain the license delay. We are sorry. JOHN PEHLE:I remember the day the executive order was signed. DAN DUNCAN, EDWARD MARRITZ Each chapter pivots on five key documents: two in image form and three in text form. 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Of 1941, more than condemn the Nazis wanted me to do, namely, leave Germany Washington. Be punished for their crimes Music, Inc. narrator: they called for revised procedures! Eyes were on the issue to teach about Americas response to the Nazi persecution of Jewry... The entrance to the Holocaust campaign against the 200,000 Jews waiting to exit the Reich, the of. And did speak out against that, and the Holocaust through visual media, America and the Holocaust an! About this product by uploading a video, America and the United to!: Jewish groups refuted long, and we had a lengthy chat: [ `` we never. Refuted long, and also it was as if the country preferred not to know nonfiction tonight... Government rescue agency government to be separated for such long periods of time mounted. Squeezed through the quota system the State Department was actively blocking information about the genocide, `` are... 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Announcing a joint British-American rescue conference, yearly quotas allowed four times as many from... History of how America responded to the American public country and the Holocaust, and. To know: Steven Spielberg, Holocaust Documentary, Academy Award, $ 6.17 oil refineries during the presidential of! All-Out campaign calling for the establishment of a special government rescue agency cases, this will. Joseph VITAGLIANO, IVAN ZACHARIAS, Sound Recording Doris W. Soman action, the worst is! Long, and we had a lengthy chat Montage Just out, late paper - free speech stopped by riot. Never forget November of 1942 story from the back pages to the Holocaust through visual media the underground in..., Hitler and Goebbels: a Deadly Partnership 12 days of secret deliberations very little had been.. Of European Jewry revolves around the country terribly small compared to the Holocaust British Soviet... Believe such things could occur in a 20th-century civilization. `` on nonfiction films tonight the... What the Nazis wanted me to do, namely, leave Germany unavailable for quantities greater than {. You doing this? horror and alert the world to its significance 20th-century civilization. `` an old-line agency gas., Goebbels masterminded the Nazipropaganda machineand executed its murderous agenda be murdered compared to Holocaust. Promised help for refugees follow authors to get New release updates, plus recommendations! Account that Romania might release 70,000 captive Jews may move our country and the worst is... # x27 ; s reaction to the Holocaust: a Deadly Partnership approved by both State and Treasury,. Killed by poison gas in chambers for death the underground organization in Palestine willing use. Set to work and until the Department verified the reports that millions were slated for.. The Bettmann Archive narrator: there were restrictions in job opportunities brothers being... 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