1. Various types of edible seaweed are available. Although these results seem promising, not all studies found similar results and more human studies are needed before strong conclusions can be made. Kombu Nutrition Facts and Health Benefits - Verywell Fit Or try crumbling them over salads to add a dash of umami flavor. 2004 Dec;89(12):6054-6060. [. Adults 19 and older should take 150 micrograms of iron per day, and children should take 1,000 micrograms, according to Dreher. Seaweed (such as kelp, nori, kombu, and wakame) is one of the best food sources of iodine . Public Health Nutr. The federal government's 20202025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans notes that "Because foods provide an array of nutrients and other components that have benefits for health, nutritional needs should be met primarily through foods. USDA, FDA, and ODS-NIH Database for the Iodine Content of Common Foods Release 2.0. 2007 Dec;10(12A):1571-1580. Sushi and sashimi are common items on Japanese menus, but they're distinct dishes. It is also essential to note that not all seaweed is safe for consumption. This section focuses on four areas of biomedical research examining iodines role in health and disease: fetal and infant development, cognitive function during childhood, fibrocystic breast disease, and radiation-induced thyroid cancer. Is Iodine Deficiency Reemerging in the United States? Dried nori or dulse make for nice savory snacks. Seaweed: 1 sheet dried contains 11-1,989% of the RDI; Cod: 3 ounces (85 grams) contains 66% of the RDI; . Edible seaweed can range in color and size and is a popular ingredient in Asian cuisine. There are many different and interesting varieties that are low in calories yet very rich in nutrients. . Seaweed (such as kelp, nori, kombu, and wakame) is one of the best food sources of iodine [5]. Seaweed is a superfood that offers numerous health benefits. All rights reserved. Miracosta) Macroscopic Marine Algae (Seaweeds) Although in terms of ocean biomass, they are relatively insignificant compared to microscopic planktonic forms, however, they fill important niches is marine ecosystems, often found attached to the seabed offshore or extending up into the intertidal zone. [, Angermayr L, Clar C. Iodine supplementation for preventing iodine deficiency disorders in children. According to 2019 data from the USDA Branded Food Products Database, approximately 20% of ingredient labels for white bread, whole-wheat bread, hamburger buns, and hot dog buns listed iodate [13]. Iodine status of the U.S. population, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Dietary supplements containing only iodine are also available, and many contain high doses, sometimes above the UL [20]. Seaweed also contains a good amount of fiber, healthy fats, and health-promoting plant compounds that almost anyone can benefit from. It's Low in Calories There are so many benefits of kelp to consider. In this cross-sectional study, pregnant women living in Spain had a significantly increased risk of hyperthyrotropinemia (TSH >3 microU/mL) if they consumed iodine supplements in doses 200 mcg/day compared with those who consumed doses <100 mcg/day [69]. Nauman J, Wolff J. Iodide prophylaxis in Poland after the Chernobyl reactor accident: benefits and risks. Iodine-deficient soils produce crops that have low iodine levels. Based on analytical results from TDS food samples collected between 2008 and 2012, combined with food consumption estimates, the average daily iodine intake in the United States was 216 mcg/day, with a range from 141 to 296 mcg/day across all age and gender groups [24]. Iodine-deficiency disorders. 1996;66(4):350-362. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 7 Healthy Sushi Options (Plus Ingredients to Look Out For), Heres What Mark Zuckerbergs 4,000-Calories-a-Day Diet Can Do to Your Body, Added Sugars in Your Diet May Increase Your Risk of Developing Kidney Stones. In addition, seaweed is an excellent source of iodine, which is essential for thyroid function. This article checks the facts to determine whether hemp. 1993 May-Jun;10(3):315-323. Reduced educational outcomes persist into adolescence following mild iodine deficiency in utero, despite adequacy in childhood: 15-year follow-up of the gestational iodine cohort investigating auditory processing speed and working memory. Iron, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, and iodine in foods from the United States Total Diet Study. Foods high in iodine include nori seaweed, seafood, and fortified salt. Thyroid. According to 20112014 NHANES data, 72.2% of pregnant woman took any dietary supplement, but only 17.8% of them took an iodine-containing product [68]. Spirulinas immune-strengthening properties can actually cause a worsening of autoimmune symptoms as the immune system gets stronger and continues its attack on the bodys own cells. 1991 Feb;91(2):179-183. The DV for iodine is 150 mcg for adults and children aged 4 years and older [12]. 2009 Nov;90(5):1264-1271. Two randomized clinical trials had a similar study design in which iodine was provided from early pregnancy to delivery (150 or 200 mcg/day iodine as potassium iodide) and assessed child cognition using the same tool at ages 1.5 or 2 years [60,61]. However, the amount of iodine in dairy products varies by whether the cows received iodine feed supplements and whether iodophor sanitizing agents were used to clean the cows and milk-processing equipment [9]. A review of iodine toxicity reports. [, Rebagliato M, Murcia M, Espada M, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Bolmar F, Vioque J, Basterrechea M, Blarduni E, Ramn R, Guxens M, Foradada CM, Ballester F, Ibarluzea J, Sunyer J. Iodine intake and maternal thyroid function during pregnancy. These can be consumed fresh, dried, cooked, or as a powdered supplement. [, Hynes KL, Otahal P, Burgess JR, Oddy WH, Hay I. In the absence of sufficient iodine, TSH levels remain elevated, leading to goiter, an enlargement of the thyroid gland that reflects the bodys attempt to trap more iodine from the circulation and produce thyroid hormones. Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. The researchers also reported a dose-dependent reduction in self-assessed pain. *DV = Daily Value. In areas where iodide prophylaxis was not used, such as Belarus and Ukraine, where many children were mildly iodine-deficient, the incidence of thyroid cancer sharply increased among children and adolescents [77]. Food Addit Contam. Luckily, iodine is readily available in most varieties of seaweed. Roseland J. Deficiencies of iron and/or vitamin A may also be goitrogenic [51]. In 1968, Alvin, a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution submarine, flooded and sank to the bottom of the ocean. [, Vermiglio F, Lo Presti VP, Moleti M, Sidoti M, Tortorella G, Scaffidi G, Castagna MG, Mattina F, Violi MA, Cris A, Artemisia A, Trimarchi F. Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorders in the offspring of mothers exposed to mild-moderate iodine deficiency: a possible novel iodine deficiency disorder in developed countries. Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. [. The recommended daily intake of iodine for adults is 150 mcg per day. European Journal of Nutrition 2019;58:3047-58. In addition, fucoidan, a type of sPS found in seaweed, may enhance fat breakdown and prevent its formation (25). Iodine first became known to scientists in 1811. [, Abt E, Spungen J, Pouillot R, Gamalo-Siebers M, Wirtz M. Update on dietary intake of perchlorate and iodine from U.S. food and drug administration's total diet study: 2008-2012. 13 iodine-rich foods - Medical News Today Health Benefits of Sea Moss - WebMD [, Charlton KE, Gemming L, Yeatman H, Ma G. Suboptimal iodine status of Australian pregnant women reflects poor knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition. [, Public Health Committee of the American Thyroid Association, Becker DV, Braverman LE, Delange F, Dunn JT, Franklyn JA, Hollowell JG, Lamm SH, Mitchell ML, Pearce E, Robbins J, Rovet JF. Products made without these conditioners contain very little iodine. 2004 Aug;89(8):3851-3857. Nutritional elements in U.S. diets: results from the Total Diet Study, 1982 to 1986. Seaweed can be purchased fresh or dried from most Asian supermarkets. Br J Nutr. This sea vegetable is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that are essential for good health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. However, certain groups of people are more likely than . [, Pennington JA. * Formula and food should be the only sources of iodine for infants. Spirulina and chlorella can be incorporated into smoothies, while kelp can be used instead of salt to add flavor to just about anything. Food Breast tissue has a high concentration of iodine, especially during pregnancy and lactation) [4,75]. US Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study: dietary intake of perchlorate and iodine. [, Knig F, Andersson M, Hotz K, Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB. The impact of common micronutrient deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: the evidence from human studies. The more good bacteria you have in your gut, the less space there is for harmful bacteria to thrive (33). Environ Sci Technol. Iodine nutrition: iodine content of iodized salt in the United States. This is despite the fact that urinary iodine levels decreased by more than 50% between 19711974 and 19881994 [2,33]. 2008 Feb 15;42(4):1315-1323. [, Melse-Boonstra A, Jaiswal N. Iodine deficiency in pregnancy, infancy and childhood and its consequences for brain development. Salt iodization programs, which many countries have implemented, have dramatically reduced the prevalence of iodine deficiency worldwide [2,3]. Published online ahead of print. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. The iodine amounts in different seaweed species also vary greatly. Association of maternal iodine status with child IQ: A meta-analysis of individual participant data. The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF), and the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) recommend a slightly higher iodine intake for pregnant women of 250 mcg per day [3,7]. August 10, 2023 However, it is essential to consume seaweed in moderation and ensure that it is safe for consumption. For instance, the iodine content in nori is between 29.3 to 45.8 milligrams per kilo while it is 93.9 to 185.1 milligrams per kilo for wakame. August 13, 2020. Since the iodine content in kelp and kelp products varies, it can be unclear how much iodine you will consume when you eat it. Total diet study: estimated dietary intakes of nutritional elements, 1982-1991. This may not seem like a lot, but even small amounts of seaweed can provide significant health benefits. [, Delange F. Iodine requirements during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period and indicators of optimal iodine nutrition. Eating fresh seaweed is considered to be safe for most people. Includes a variety of vegetables; fruits; grains (at least half whole grains); fat-free and low-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese; and oils. Am J Hypertens. Heres, New research suggests people who get more than 25% of their total energy from added sugars could have an 88% higher chance of kidney stones than those. Abstract A microbe's growth rate helps to set its ecological success and its contribution to food web dynamics and biogeochemical processes. In infants and children, less severe iodine deficiency can also cause neurodevelopmental deficits such as somewhat lower-than-average intelligence as measured by IQ [1,42,43]. These findings suggest that correcting mild iodine deficiency in children could improve certain components of cognition. Try this today: Seaweed sheets make an easy, crispy, and salty snack. Foods high in iodine | healthdirect Excessive consumption of seaweed can lead to an excess intake of iodine, which can cause thyroid problems. Values lower than 100 mcg/L in children and non-pregnant adults indicate insufficient iodine intake, although iodine deficiency is not classified as severe until urinary iodine levels are lower than 20 mcg/L. Iodine status of pregnant women and women of reproductive age in the United States. [, Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, et al. Some people, such as those with autoimmune thyroid disease and iodine deficiency, may experience adverse effects with iodine intakes considered safe for the general population [2,5]. Should You Use Iodized Salt? - Healthline For one, its rich in fiber, which can help prevent constipation and ensure smooth digestion. The median iodine content was 150 mcg per daily serving, with a range of 25 to 290 mcg; 25 of the 34 provided iodine as potassium iodide. Under normal conditions, the body tightly controls thyroid hormone concentrations via TSH. The earths soils contain varying amounts of iodine, which in turn affects the iodine content of crops. Seaweeds nutrient content can vary based on where it was grown. [, Ershow AG, Skeaff SA, Merkel JM, Pehrsson PR. Marine bacteria growing on an agar plate. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. J.B. Lippincott Co, Philadelphia. Iodine Poisoning: Symptoms, Seafood and Other Causes, Treatment [, Patel A, Lee SY, Stagnaro-Green A, MacKay D, Wong AW, Pearce EN. The United States, Canada, and dozens of other countries have salt-iodization programs [3,16,17]. When iodide enters the circulation, the thyroid gland concentrates it in appropriate amounts for thyroid hormone synthesis and most of the remaining amount is excreted in the urine [2]. Taking high doses of iodine with anti-thyroid medications can have an additive effect [81] and could cause hypothyroidism. Certain varieties of seaweed may contain high levels of sodium and potassium, which can be harmful to individuals with kidney disease (43). 1989 May;89(5):659-664. Fish and seaweed are the foods richest in iodine. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, getting enough iodine is especially important for your baby to help their brain and central nervous system develop properly. It is used in soups, salads, sushi, and other dishes. Most people in the United States get enough iodine from foods and beverages. However, spirulina has a different structure than other algae and is therefore technically considered a type of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Similarly, the WHO recommends 250 mcg/day during pregnancy and lactation [3]. Infants and children need 130 and 90 micrograms per day, respectively, while pregnant and breastfeeding people need 220 and 290 micrograms per day, respectively. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. TSH secretion increases thyroidal uptake of iodine and stimulates the synthesis and release of T3 and T4. Hemp protein powder is a popular plant-based supplement, especially among vegan athletes. It is secreted by the pituitary gland to control thyroid hormone production and secretion, thereby protecting the body from hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism [1]. The currently accepted minimum daily intake requirement for iodine is 150 micrograms (mcg). Pearce EN, Leung AM, Blount BC, Bazrafshan HR, He X, Pino S, Valentin-Blasini L, Braverman LE. Iodine rarely occurs as the element, but rather as a salt; for this reason, it is referred to as iodide and not iodine. Thyroid 2019;29:573-6. Iodine is an essential component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Use of iodine-containing dietary supplements remains low among women of reproductive age in the United States: NHANES 2011-2014. A small study found that people absorb potassium iodide almost completely (96.4%) [21]. Other sources of iodine include seafood, dairy products, and iodized salt (10). This sharp decline in urinary iodine levels caused some concern during the late 1990s that the iodine sufficiency of the U.S. population could be at risk if this trend continued [33]. [, Pennington JA, Young BE. In fact, it often contains higher levels of these nutrients than most other foods. For instance, researchers believe that seaweed may help decrease estrogen levels, potentially reducing a womans risk of developing breast cancer (35). The use of iodized salt is the most widely used strategy to control iodine deficiency. Analyses of NHANES datasets from 2003 to 2014 indicate that a substantial portion of pregnant women in the United States are iodine insufficient. For example, an analysis of 44 samples of nonfat milk found a range of 38 to 159 mcg per cup (with an average of 85 mcg/cup used for Table 2) [8]. 2009 Jun;30(4):376-408. J Am Diet Assoc. Overall, it appears that the general U.S. population has adequate iodine intake but that some pregnant women may be at risk for iodine deficiency. Cognitive function during childhood Kombu Benefits and How to Use in Recipes - Dr. Axe It can also range in size dramatically. Continued national iodine monitoring is needed with more emphasis on population subgroups that are most susceptible to iodine deficiency disorders. Nutrition. In a study of 57 healthy lactating women from the Boston area, median breast milk iodine content was 155 mcg/L [63]. Urinary iodine reflects dietary iodine intake directly because people excrete more than 90% of dietary iodine in the urine [4]. Taking potassium iodide with potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone (Aldactone) and amiloride (Midamor), can increase the risk of hyperkalemia [81]. Trials 2015;16:563. 2008 Nov;18(6):571-580. The RDI of iodine is 150 micrograms for . Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: A randoised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thyroid. Thyroid function is primarily regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), also known as thyrotropin. U.S. health officials recommend 150 micrograms of iodine per day for adults, with the upper limit around 1,100 micrograms. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans describes a healthy dietary pattern as one that: This fact sheet by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. Some human studies also report that high seaweed intakes may reduce blood pressure levels in kids and adults (17, 18). Seaweed is a type of marine algae that grows in saltwater. Seaweed refers to many species of algae and other marine plants. For a population of school-aged children or non-pregnant adults to be iodine sufficient, median urinary iodine concentrations should be greater than 100 mcg/L and no more than 20% of the population should have values lower than 50 mcg/L [3]. Those taking blood thinners should make sure to check with a doctor before making it a regular part of their diet (6). Cari Minuman Berkualitas Dengan Harga Terjangkau? Should I Eat Seaweed to Get Iodine? - Maine Coast Sea Vegetables J Clin Endocrinol Metab. [, Pearce EN, Bazrafshan HR, He X, Pino S, Braverman LE. They have various important roles in your body and provide many health benefits. Sushi can be a healthy choice, but some menu choices may be high in sugar, sodium, and overall calories. Omega-3 fatty acids are healthy fats that you must get from your diet. 2007 Dec;10(12A):1532-1539; discussion 1540-1541. 1993 Oct;36(5):453-460. Public Health Nutr. White Plains, New York, December 20, 2021 Dried or roasted seaweed has become a popular snack, providing a tasy, crunchy, and vegan-friendly source of protein, fiber, and iodine, an essential nutrient for proper thyroid function. Seaweed Snacks and Foods Reviews & Ratings - ConsumerLab.com Kelp, dulse, and kombu are types of seaweed with the tendency to contain very high levels of iodine. During pregnancy and early infancy, iodine deficiency can cause irreversible effects. . So, seaweed snacks may help boost weight loss by providing a satisfying alternative to more calorie-rich snack options. National Research Council, Committee to Assess the Health Implications of Perchlorate Ingestion. Seaweed may offer some additional protection against metabolic syndrome, skin damage, bone disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Taken as a whole, these findings indicate that increased public awareness of iodines importance during pregnancy and lactation is warranted and that further research into the effects of iodine supplementation during pregnancy is needed. Here are 7 science-backed benefits of eating, Sea moss (Chondrus crispus) is a red algae popular amongst health enthusiasts due to its purported health benefits, iincluding weight loss. This is why it is best to stick to 150 micrograms of iodine for adults and a little higher for pregnant and nursing women. In some cases, fortified foods and dietary supplements are useful when it is not possible otherwise to meet needs for one or more nutrients (e.g., during specific life stages such as pregnancy).". [, Zimmermann MB. This article explores this gut-brain connection, plus how to improve. Limit your intake if you tend to prefer high iodine varieties, or if you take blood thinners or have kidney issues. But one of the most influential events in the study of marine microbes during the 1900s was a complete accident. [, Poulsen E. Case study: erythrosine. Seaweed may also help protect you from certain types of infections. Cisco Catalyst 3560 V2 Series Poe 48 Manual, Glucosamine Sulfate New Zealand: What You Need To Know. Seaweed is a superfood that offers numerous health benefits. Anti-thyroid medications, such as methimazole (Tapazole), are used to treat hyperthyroidism. Despite the importance of iodine for proper fetal development, the effects of iodine supplements during pregnancy on infant and child neurodevelopment in particular are inconclusive. Antifreeze To Kill Rats: Is It Effective? Apakah Aman Meninggalkan Lampu Garam Menyala Semalam? While iodine is necessary for proper thyroid function, getting too much iodine can be harmful (37). In adults, mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency can cause goiter as well as impaired mental function and work productivity secondary to hypothyroidism. [, Perrine CG, Herrick KA, Gupta PM, Caldwell KL. For example, one 3-ounce serving of cod contains about 158 mcg of iodine, and one serving of seaweed contains about 116 mcg of iodine. 13.7: Macroscopic Marine Algae (Seaweeds) - Geosciences LibreTexts Some claim that seaweed is a great plant source of vitamin B12, a vitamin naturally found in meat, poultry, eggs, and dairy. In some regions of the world, iodine-deficient soils are common, increasing the risk of iodine deficiency among people who consume foods primarily from those areas. Crane Composites Advanced Polymer Adhesive: A Revolutionary Solution For Your Building Needs. It's recommended that adults get at least 150 micrograms of iodine per day. Additional studies are needed before strong conclusions can be made. Chronic, severe iodine deficiency in utero causes cretinism, a condition characterized by intellectual disability, deaf mutism, motor spasticity, stunted growth, delayed sexual maturation, and other physical and neurological abnormalities [5]. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2018;28:21-30. Iodine in food and iodized salt is present in several chemical forms including sodium and potassium salts, inorganic iodine (I2), iodate, and iodide, the reduced form of iodine [4]. Iodine - Consumer - Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) Additional research is required to fully understand the effects of mild iodine deficiency and iodine supplementation on cognitive function. Mild to moderate maternal iodine deficiency has also been associated with an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children [44]. Women who are pregnant should get 220 micrograms, and women who are breast-feeding an infant should get 290 micrograms. All the Benefits and Side Effects of Sea Kelp - LIVESTRONG.COM However, supplements are not as tightly regulated and may contain levels that are detrimental to health. WHO recommendations for these countries also include breastfeeding through 24 months of age, combined with complementary foods fortified with iodine for children between the ages of 724 months [7]. 120 mcg Adults and teens over 14 150 mcg: During pregnancy the recommended intake of iodine is 220 mcg per day. Eating seaweed regularly may help you lose weight, if thats your goal. 2020. Iodine is also present in human breast milk [2,5] and infant formulas [8]. Variability of iodine content in common commercially available edible seaweeds.

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