Although it appears to the naked eye as a single star, with overall apparent visual magnitude +2.06, it is actually a binary system composed of two stars in close orbit. Andromedae ( Latinised to Alpha Andromedae) is the star's Bayer designation. Flamsteed designations such as 21 Andromedae (21 And) are named after the creator, Sir John Flamsteed. The best time of the year to observe the stars and deep-sky objects in the constellation of Andromeda is during the month of November. Alpha Andromedae is the brightest star in its home constellation and also the brightest mercury-manganese star known today.. The map was generated using Night Vision, an awesome free application by Brian Simpson. The brighter component has an apparent magnitude of 2.22 and the companion, 4.21. The Sun's radius is 695,800km, therefore the star's radius is an estimated 2,345,885.603.km. The star's Galacto-Centric Distance is 7,409 Parsecs or 24,165.442 Light Years. The best time to observe Alpheratz, the other stars, and deep-sky objects located in the constellation of Andromeda is during the month of November. The Great Square of Pegasus is used by astronomers to find numerous famous deep-sky objects such as the Andromeda Galaxy, the Triangulum Galaxy, or the Great Pegasus Cluster, among many others. 13.6) lies at a distance of 211 million light years, while NGC 2 (mag. Alpheratz is the brightest mercury-manganese star in the sky. A similar thing happened to Elnath, which once belonged both to Taurus and Auriga and had the designations Beta Tauri and Gamma Aurigae. [33] This theory has successfully explained many observed chemical peculiarities, including those of mercury-manganese stars. BD number is the number that the star was filed under in the Durchmusterung or Bonner Durchmusterung, a star catalogue that was put together by the Bonn Observatory between 1859 to 1903. If you are in the midlatitudes, Alpheratz is best viewed in the evenings from August through October when it is high in the sky. The American astronomer Vesto Slipher made a series of such measurements from 1902 to 1904 and discovered that the radial velocity of Andromedae varied periodically. Alpheratz B is 13 times brighter than our Sun and it is also hotter having surface average temperatures of around 8,500 K. The secondary star is also a young star being only 70 million years old, and it is also a fast-spinning star with a rotational velocity of around 110 km / 68.3 mi per second. The asterism dominates the eastern part of the constellation Pegasus and makes it easy to find a number of notable stars and deep sky objects. Alpheratz forms the Great Square of Pegasus with three bright Pegasus stars: Algenib (Gamma Pegasi), Scheat (Beta Pegasi), and Markab (Alpha Pegasi). Key Facts & Summary Alpheratz is located at around 97 light-years / 29.7 parsecs away from our Solar System. Hipparcos was a E.S.A. Alpheratz estimated radius has been calculated as being 3.371 times bigger than the Sun. It marks Andromedas head. It has a projected rotational velocity of 52 km/s. They published their work in January 1992. OSR has been naming stars for people all around the world since the start of this millennium and is now the number one star register service in the world. AlpheratzStar is located in the constellation of Andromeda. There is no relationship between colour and size, a red star can be both the largest and the smallest stars in the Universe. The Chinese Wall mansion is formed by Alpheratz and Algenib, Gamma Pegasi. )[22], It is also known as one of the "Three Guides" that mark the prime meridian of the heavens, the other two being Beta Cassiopeiae and Gamma Pegasi. In the case of Andromedae, the brighter primary star is a mercury-manganese star which, as well as the elements already mentioned, has excess xenon. Alpha Andromedae B was first resolved interferometrically by a team led by Xiaopei Pan, an astronomer at the California Institute of Technology, in 1988. This system was, by the late 24th century, a holding of the Federation . The lenticular galaxy NGC 16 (mag. 2.05), Alpheratz (Alpha And, mag. We do know early Arabians considered Alpha Andromedae to be a part of Pegasus because its name literally translates to the navel of the horse. However, some ancient Arabic writings refers to this star as, rs al-mara al-musalsala, the head of the woman in chains, referring to Andromeda, so we can conclude that even early stargazers were uncertain as to where to place Alpheratz. [32],3.4. The number of A.U. It has a luminosity 1,995 times that of the Sun, while Alpheratz shines with 240 solar luminosities. Online Star Register (OSR) believes that every person on earth should enjoy their very own star in the night sky. Eta Andromedae (Eta And) is the Bayer Classification for the star. The source of the information if it has a Hip I.D. In fact, Alpheratz connects its home constellation to Pegasus. However, it is not physically related to the Alpha Andromedae system. (Confusingly, the 19th lunar mansion, in Taurus, is also called Bi but there it has a different meaning.) The IAU approved the name Alpheratz for the star Alpha Andromedae in late 2016. The Alpheratz star system has a radial velocity of -10.6 km / -6.5 mi per second. It marks Andromeda's head. It formally applies only to the brighter component of the Alpha Andromedae system. A personalized star registration in the Online Star Register is widely considered one of the most original, emotional, and personal gifts you can give to your partner, a friend, family member, or coworker. Alpheratz kept its Pegasus membership into the 20th century, when the designation Delta Pegasi finally fell into disuse. This asterism, apart from Alpheratz, contains three of the brightest stars in the constellation of Pegasus, namely Markab, Scheat, and Algenib. Alpheratz A is 240 times brighter than our Sun and it is also 2.3 times hotter than our Sun, having surface average temperatures of around 13,800 K. This star is also a fast-spinning star having a rotational velocity of around 52 km / 32.3 mi per second, and it is also a young star with an estimated age of around 60 million years. What type of star is Alpha Andromedae? The star is catalogued in the Tycho-2 star catalogue as TYC-1735-3180-1. It lies at a much greater distance of 197 light years (100 light years farther away than Alpheratz) and it is much more intrinsically luminous. In Hindu astrology, Alpheratz and Algenib form the 26th nakshatra (lunar mansion), known as Uttara Bhdrapad or Uttti. The time it will take to travel to this star is dependent on how fast you are going. Based on the star's spectral type of B9p , Alpheratz's colour and type is blue star. Other terms for this star used by some medieval astronomers writing were rs al-mar'a al-musalsala (head of the woman in chains),[17] al-kaff al-khab and kaff al-nar (palm of the faithful). The Chinese know Alpheratz as Bi Su er the Second Star of Wall. A star visible without visual aids : subgiant : greater than 1000 Kelvin : star : A star whose position on the H-R diagram is intermediate between that of main-sequence stars and normal giants of the same spectral type. The Id of the star in the Yale Bright Star Catalogue is HR271. If you give an email address, you may receive an email notifying you when someone else has added a comment to the same page. It can be seen by the naked eye and is theoretically visible at all latitudes north of 60 S. During evening from August to October, it will be high in the sky as seen from the northern midlatitudes. The secondary star, designated as Alpheratz B has around 1.85 solar masses, or 185% of our Suns mass, and 1.65 solar radii, or 165% of our Suns radius. Take an interactive tour of the solar system, or browse the site to find fascinating information, facts, and data about our planets, the solar system, and beyond. to find that it was concentrated in clouds near the equator. The 14th lunar mansion was named Bi, 'wall', after this pairing. Ptolemy considered the star (system) to be shared by Pegasus and Johann Bayer assigned it a designation in both constellations: Alpha Andromedae ( And) and Delta Pegasi ( Peg). [17] In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[18] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. How to choose your telescope magnification? Baxandall identified them as enhanced manganese lines in 1914, noting that Mu Leporis showed similar lines. satellite operation launched in 1989 for four years. This constellation Is represented by the mythical princess who was the daughter of Cassiopeia and Cepheus and she was the wife of Perseus. The name Alpheratz (pronunciation: /lfrts/) comes from the Arabic surrat al-faras, meaning the navel of the horse. The stars other traditional name, Sirrah (pronunciation: /sr/), is derived from the same phrase. Representing the mythical princess, daughter of Cassiopeia and Cepheus and wife of Perseus, Andromeda is the 19th largest constellation in the sky. Its nothing to fear as the stars are so far apart, they won't collide in our life-time, if ever. Alpha Andromedae is located in the constellation of Andromeda and is approximately 97 light-years in distance. So if you have a chance to view the brightest star in the Andromeda constellation be sure to take a peek at one of the most intriguing views you may ever experience. Star Characteristics and Features This star is a cool, bright red class-M giant that is three to four times more massive than the Sun. [28] In 1914, Baxandall pointed out that most of the unusual lines came from manganese, and that similar lines were present in the spectrum of Leporis. Below is a tabular view of the star facts with the values of the Sun on the right so you can compare against our own star, the Sun. The star generates more energy than our star. The chemical composition of the brighter of the two stars is unusual as it is a mercury-manganese star whose atmosphere contains abnormally high levels of mercury, manganese, and other elements, including gallium and xenon. [32],4. With a surface temperature of 13,800 K, it is 240 times more luminous than the Sun. However, the change in brightness is not significant and is measured in at less than 0.01 magnitude. The Nine Planets has been online since 1994 and was one of the first multimedia websites that appeared on the World Wide Web. is from Simbad, the Hipparcos data library based at the University at Strasbourg, France. Alpha Andromedae (Alpheratz, Alpherat, Sirrah, Sirah), is the brightest star in the constellation of Andromeda with an apparent magnitude of between +2.22 and 4.21 (This is because it is a . Those that are blue stars are normally identified as being young stars whereas redder stars are usually older stars, ones that are at the end of their life. The Galacto-Centric Distance is the distance from the star to the Centre of the Galaxy which is Sagittarius A*. Alpheratz, Algenib, and Caph are known as the Three Guides. After that this star was given the designation as a part of Andromeda by the International Astronomical Union. The Declination is how far north or south the object is compared to the celestial equator and is expressed in degrees. Through even a modest telescope, the star Almach (Gamma Andromedae) appears as one of the finest double stars in all the . Alpheratz / Alpha Andromedae is located in the constellation of Andromeda. To most European centres of learning the star bore names Alpheratz (/lfirts/[16]) or the cognate simplification Alpherat or the other part of the fabled description: Sirrah /sr/. The New Horizons space probe is the fastest probe that we've sent into space at the time of writing. Based on the spectral type (B9p) of the star, the Alpheratz colour is blue . Based on the spectral type (B9p) of the star, the Alpheratz colour is blue . The study, published in 2002, found higher concentrations of mercury near the equator. 14.4) lie in the same field of view. Name: The primary component, formally named Alpheratz, is a blue-white subgiant star of the spectral type B8IVpMnHg. The Radial Velocity, that is the speed at which the star is towards the Sun is -10.10000 km/s with an error of about 0.20 km/s . Alpha Andromedae (also known as Delta Pegasi or the Alferaz or Alpheratz system) is a star system that was located a number of parsecs away from the Sol system, visible from Earth on the border of the constellations of Andromeda and Pegasus. The star is a Alpha2 Canum Venatic variable type which means that its size changes over time. The star is 97 light years away from Earth. It occupies an area of 722 square degrees between the constellations Perseus, Cassiopeia, Lacerta, Pegasus, Triangulum and Pisces. Alpheratz, Arp 113, NGC 1, NGC 2, NGC 16 and NGC 22, image: Wikisky. The 10 brightest stars in the constellation of Andromeda are Alpheratz, at magnitude 2.06, Mirach at magnitude 2.05, Almach at magnitude 2.10, Delta Andromedae at magnitude 3.28, Nembus at magnitude 3.57, Omicron Andromedae at magnitude 3.62, Lambda Andromedae at magnitude 3.8, Mu Andromedae at magnitude 3.87, Zeta Andromedae at magnitude 4.08, and Titawin at magnitude 4.10. It is believed to be 70 million years old. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[19] confirmed Alpheratz as the name for the main star. The constellations that we see today will be different than they were 50,000 years ago or 50,000 years from now. Alpheratz, Algenib and Caph (Beta Cassiopeiae), the rightmost star of Cassiopeias W, are known as the Three Guides. The theory proposes that because the stars have very calm atmospheres, some elements sink due to gravitational settling, resulting in underabundances, while others are pushed to the surface by radiation pressure, leading to overabundances. [14] It is the brightest mercury-manganese star known. Using the 2007 distance, the star is roughly 6,134,272.594 Astronomical Units from the Earth/Sun give or take a few. The origin of these three, the Arabic phrasal name, is surrat al-faras "navel of the mare/horse", attracting a hard consonant not present above due to a following vowel. [3] The spectral class of the main star is B8IV with lines of manganese and mercury as well as gallium (II) apparent in the spectrum. Based on the spectral type as we don't have the exact temperature', we can deduce that the surface temperature of the star is in the order of 10,000 and 25,000K based on the notes from Harvard University. In Hindu astrology, Alpheratz and Algenib form the 26. Normally, the brightest star in the constellation is classified as Alpha. This work was published in 1992. The catalogue was started by the American doctor and has been expanded on over the years. Alpheratz is prominent in the sky in the evenings from August to October while reaching its highest point in the sky at midnight on the 9th of October. The Great Square of Pegasus can be found using the bright stars that form Cassiopeias W. A line extended from Segin, Epsilon Cassiopeiae, through Ruchbah, Delta Cassiopeiae, points in the direction of the asterism. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Luminosity is the amount of energy that a star pumps out and its relative to the amount that our star, the Sun gives out. It should not be taken as though the star is moving closer or further away from Earth. suns orbital period around the galaxy. There are several faint deep sky objects that can be seen in the vicinity of Alpheratz. Alpheratz is also the closest star to us from this asterism. In case you're wondering, Alpheratz is not located within the Solar System, there is only one star in the Solar System and that is the Sun. Alpheratz is recognizable because it is part of the Great Square of Pegasus. The binary system has a visual companion, a class G5 star designated as ADS 94 B in the Aitken Double Star Catalogue and as WDS 00084+2905B in the Washington Double Star Catalog. Alpha Andromedae: has declination +29 05 26: has right ascension 00 08 23.2: has spectral type B8IVpMnHg: has V magnitude 2.06: is a part of Andromeda: has synonym HR 15: has B-V magnitude-0.11: is an instance of B star: is an instance of subgiant: is an instance of naked eye star: subgiant: has luminosity class IV: B star: has color blue-white . . Below you will find the full list of stars in the Andromeda constellation and their names as well as some general information about each of them. [23], The radial velocity of a star away from or towards the observer can be determined by measuring the red shift or blue shift of its spectrum. [10][40][41] Designated as ADS 94 B in the Aitken Double Star Catalogue, it is a G-type star with an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 10.8. To locate Alpheratz look for the Great Square of Pegasus. Alpheratz formed around 60 million years ago from an interstellar medium of gas and dust. [38] Although by coincidence it appears near to the other two stars in the sky, it's much more distant from Earth; the parallax observed by Gaia place this star more than 1,300 light years away. The German astronomer Hans Ludendorff gave a preliminary orbit in 1907, and the American astronomer Robert Horace Baker published a more accurate orbit for the system in 1910. Alpha Andromedae B has 1.85 solar masses and a radius 1.65 times that of the Sun. It is one of the four bright stars that form the Great Square of Pegasus, a conspicuous asterism that outlines the body of Pegasus, the mythical winged horse represented by the neighbouring constellation. Alpheratz, Sirrah, Sirah, And, AlphaAndromedae, AlphaAnd. The information was obtained as of 12th Feb 2017. The best time of year to observe the stars and deep sky objects of Andromeda is during the month of November. [30] Many of these stars were subsequently identified as part of the group of mercury-manganese stars,[31] a class of chemically peculiar stars which have an excess of elements such as mercury, manganese, phosphorus, and gallium in their atmospheres. Alpheratz, Sirrah, Alpha Andromedae, And, Delta Pegasi, Peg, 21 Andromedae, HD 358, HR 15, HIP 677, SAO 73765, BD+284, GC 127, GCRV 62, FK5 1, ALS 16723, H 5 32A, LTT 10039, NLTT 346, IDS 00032+2832 A, IRAS 00057+2848, PPM 89441, ADS 94 A, CCDM J00083+2905A, WDS 00084+2905A, WDS J00084+2905Aa,Ab, 2MASS J00082326+2905253, TYC 1735-3180-1. Almach, the third star in the chain, makes it easy to identify Algol, the famous variable star located in the neighbouring Perseus constellation. They span 38 constellations and have been selected both because they are exceptionally bright and because they are easy to identify. [4], The two stars are now known to orbit each other with a period of 96.7 days. However with the 2007 release of updated Hipparcos files, the radius is now calculated at being round 3.371. Gravity pulled the swirling gas and dust together and resulted in the brightest star of Andromeda, Alpheratz. The brightest star in the constellation is normally given the Alpha designation, there are exceptions such as Pollux which is Beta Geminorum. This quadruple star system is located an estimated 350 light-years away. Sir John named the stars in the constellation with a number and its latin name, this star's Flamsteed designation is 21 Andromedae. Alpheratz and Mirach (Beta Andromedae) have almost the same apparent magnitude and, since different sources provide slightly different values, both stars have been called Andromedas brightest star. Andromeda constellation map by IAU and Sky&Telescope magazine. nearest bright spiral galaxy to the milky way. [37], The binary system described above has an optical visual companion, discovered by William Herschel on July 21, 1781. Alpheratz is the brightest of the four stars, mainly because the other three stars lie at greater distances. True. the sun orbits the center of the _____. Alpheratz is the 55th brightest star in the night sky and is the brightest star in Andromeda based on the Hipparcos 2007 apparent magnitude. [29] In 1931, W. W. Morgan identified 12 additional stars with lines from manganese appearing in their spectra. The 2nd century CE Greek astronomer Ptolemy also considered the star to be shared by the two constellations and the German astronomer Johann Bayer (1572 1625) assigned it two designations: Alpha Andromedae and Delta Pegasi. [26], The fainter star in the system was first resolved interferometrically by Xiaopei Pan and his coworkers during 1988 and 1989, using the Mark III Stellar Interferometer at the Mount Wilson Observatory, California, United States. It reaches its highest point in the sky at midnight around October 9. The elemental abundances are believed to be a result of radiative diffusion, as suggested by Georges Michaud in 1970. It lies at a distance of only 10.30 light years from Earth. Alpha Andromedae is a binary star that shines the brightest in the constellation of Andromeda and is 200 times more luminous than the Sun. This star is spinning fastly, having a rotational velocity of around 52 km / 32.3 mi per second. An Entity of Type: star, . Alpheratz is located at around 97 light-years / 29.7 parsecs away from our Solar System. Alpha Andromedae is a binary star that shines the brightest in the constellation of Andromeda and is 200 times more luminous than the Sun. 3.62), Lambda Andromedae (mag. The star Alpheratz is the brightest star in the famous star pattern known as the Great Square of Pegasus. Alpha Andromedae, Alf And, Sirrah, Sirah, Surrat al-Faras, HD 358, TYC 1735-3180-1, HIP 677, HR 15, 21 Andromedae, 21 And, BD +28 4, -163.44000 0.17000 milliarcseconds/year. Magnitude, whether it be apparent/visual or absolute magnitude is measured by a number, the smaller the number, the brighter the Star is. In 1970, Georges Michaud suggested that such chemically peculiar stars arose from radiative diffusion. You can decline to give a name which if that is the case, the comment will be attributed to a random star. Alpheratz is a Binary or Multiple star system. Alpha Andromedae ( Andromedae, abbreviated Alpha And or And), officially named Alpheratz / l f r t s /, [12] [13] is 97 light-years from the Sun and is the brightest star in the constellation of Andromeda when Beta Andromedae undergoes its periodical dimming. It marks Andromeda's head. The Id of the star in the Henry Draper catalogue is HD358. Ptolemy considered the star (system) to be shared by Pegasus and Johann Bayer assigned it a designation in both constellations: Alpha Andromedae ( And) and Delta Pegasi ( Peg). Before the 1930s this star was once a part of the constellation Pegasus and was actually considered the fourth brightest star there. Because of its close proximity to the constellation of Pegasus this star was once called, Delta Pegasi and is still referred to as the northeastern star of the Great Square of Pegasus. Alpha Andromedae - System. The binary star Alpheratz has an absolute magnitude of +2.06. Immediately northeast of the constellation of Pegasus, it is the upper left star of the Great Square of Pegasus. Alpheratz has a surface gravity of 3.75 cgs. [20], In the Hindu lunar zodiac, this star, together with the other stars in the Great Square of Pegasus (, , and Pegasi), makes up the nakshatras of Prva Bhdrapad and Uttara Bhdrapad. If you want that in miles, it is about 570,638,164,974,933.023, based on 1 Ly = 5,878,625,373,183.61 miles. In the email will be a link to unsubscribe to further notifications. . Type Extreme Weather Aggressive Sentinels Nevancen Y15: Irradiated NO (Polluted Showers) NO (Passive) Resources. Mirach, Beta Andromedae ( And), is a red giant star located in the constellation Andromeda. In medieval Arabic astronomy, Alpheratzis known as Al Ras al Marah al Musalsalah the head of the chained woman. Since the IAU standardized constellation boundaries and widely published them two years after in 1930, the Pegasi alternate name has dropped from use, putting it slightly outside of that constellation.[15]. The central member, NGC 68, is a lenticular galaxy with an apparent magnitude of 12.9. Great Square of Pegasus location, image: Wikisky. The 10 brightest stars in the constellation are Mirach (Beta And, mag. The Id of the star in the Yale Bright Star Catalogue is HR15. Alpheratz is a B-type star of spectral type B8IVpMnHg. Variations in the radial velocity of Alpha Andromedae were discovered by the American astronomer Vesto Slipher at the turn of the 20th century. It is classified as a mercury-manganese star which contains abnormally high levels of mercury, manganese, and other elements such as gallium and xenon being the brightest mercury-manganese star known. Corncorde before it was retired was the fastest commercial airline across the Atlantic and only one that could do Mach 2. Using the original Hipparcos data that was released in 1997, the parallax to the star was given as 33.60000 which means Alpheratz distance from Earth is 97.07 light years away from Earth or 29.76 parsecs. Mirach is a red giant whose brightness varies from magnitude 2.01 to 2.10, so on average it is slightly brighter, but not constantly so. Unusual lines in the spectrum of Alpha Andromedae were first reported by British astronomers Norman Lockyer and F. E. Baxandall in 1906. Media in category "Alpha Andromedae" The following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Alpheratz marks the northeast vertex of the Great Square, appearing in the upper left corner. A name is preferred even if its a random made up one by yourself. The middle star in the chain, Mirach (Beta Andromedae) is particularly well-known among stargazers because it is commonly used to find the Milky Ways largest neighbours: the Andromeda Galaxy (Messier 31) and the Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33). For Alpheratz, the location is 00h 08m 23.17 and +29 05` 27.0 . [35] However, Adelman and his co-workers have discovered, in observations made between 1993 and 1999 and published in 2002, that the mercury line in its spectrum at 398.4 nm varies as the primary rotates. Its Arabic name literally translates to the Navel of the Horse.. The secondary star formed around 70 million years ago, however, it is unknown if the two stars were born from the same interstellar medium. Value is for the center of mass of the system. All messages will be reviewed before being displayed. Slipher measured the stars radial velocity with the Lowell spectrograph from 1902 to 1904 and concluded that the star was a spectroscopic binary system with a highly eccentric orbit and that the components completed an orbit every 100 days or so. This star is a fast-spinning star having a rotational velocity of around 110 km / 68.3 mi per second. The secondary star is an early-type A star of spectral type A3V. The companion was discovered by William Herschel on July 21, 1781. Alpheratz, designated as Alpha Andromedae, is the brightest star in the constellation of Andromeda, the celestial Chained Lady. Alpheratz is the traditional/proper name for the star whilst Alpha Andromedae is the Bayer classification for the star. Alpha Andromedae ( Andromedae, abbreviated Alpha And or And), officially named Alpheratz /lfrts/,[12][13] is 97 light-years from the Sun and is the brightest star in the constellation of Andromeda when Beta Andromedae undergoes its periodical dimming. orbital speed of sun on its orbit. The Variable Type is usually named after the first star of that type to be spotted. Its estimated age is 60 million years.

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