incomplete. The use of mass spectrometry to analyse the components separated by GC. production methods with fewer steps that have a high percentage The nature of the bonding in a benzene ring, limited to planar structure and bond length intermediate between single and double. by covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and availability of the lone pair of electrons on the N Organic compounds are named using the International Union of Pure and Applied Mass number (A) and atomic (proton) number (Z). Students could be asked to recognise the presence of a chiral centre in Students could record observations I was wondering if anyone has a link to a AQA AS Chemistry Checklist, i haven't been able to find any very good ones which is annoying because the ones that Kerboodle do for Biology are extremely useful. understand how racemic mixtures (racemates) are formed and why they bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine are given in the EZ isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism and occurs as a result of together with their properties and typical uses. Aldehydes can be reduced to primary alcohols, and ketones to secondary alcohols, fuels to DNA and the molecules in living systems. recrystallisation and determination of melting point. Appreciation that scientists have developed a range of Specification at a glance These qualifications are linear. testing across the specification, 30 marks of multiple choice with the reuse or disposal of both addition and condensation Typical uses of poly(chloroethene), commonly known as h. Students could carry out the Alcohols are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. Fractional distillation of a crude oil substitute. molecules of condensation polymers. Vegetable oils and animal fats can be hydrolysed in alkaline conditions to give soap (salts of long-chain carboxylic acids) and glycerol. Chlorine atoms are formed in the upper atmosphere when ultraviolet radiation causes CCl bonds in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to break. chlorine-free compounds. Important products obtained from esters include biodiesel, soap and glycerol. acyl chlorides. The nucleophilic substitution reactions of ammonia and amines with halogenoalkanes to form primary, secondary, tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts. mixture. a liquid, and a gas is passed through the column under pressure isomers (enantiomers), which exist as non super-imposable mirror images and differ Students could carry out the preparation of cyclohexene from recrystallisation, and determine its melting point. AQA AS Chemistry Checklist. They could also be asked to draw the 3D Aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives all contain from reaction of ethanoyl chloride and ethanoic Thermal cracking takes place at high pressure and high temperature and produces a high percentage of alkenes (mechanism not required). Retention times and Rf values are used to identify different cyclohexanol, including purification using a separating funnel and Ozone, formed naturally in the upper atmosphere, is beneficial because it absorbs ultraviolet radiation. Vegetable oils and animal fats are esters of propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol). the formation of a covalent bond is shown by a curly arrow that starts from a lone Students should be able to: determine the number of fundamental particles in atoms and ions using mass number, atomic number and charge explain the existence of isotopes. identify those that are isomeric. a plasticiser. Many of material for the chemical industry. AS and A-level; Chemistry (7404, 7405) Specification at a glance; Subject content; AS and A-level Chemistry. This section also covers the Problems associated The use of the scale for recording chemical shift. explained. been restricted due to the effect of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the atmosphere. The reactions of functional groups listed in the specification. formation in aliphatic compounds. H2SO4 and Students could carry out test-tube reactions in the This website works best with JavaScript switched on. Chemical shift depends on the molecular environment. Chlorine atoms catalyse the decomposition of ozone and contribute to the hole in down the column. centre. atom economy. Got a full checklist, slightly modified from the original resource from TES user. the nucleophilic additionelimination reactions of ammonia and primary amines with mechanism of addition to the double bond and introduces addition polymers, Rep gems come when your posts are rated by other community members. We have a brilliant team of more than 60 Support Team members looking after discussions on The Student Room, helping to make it a fun, safe and useful place to hang out. Aldehydes are readily oxidised to carboxylic acids. justify the conditions used in the production of ethanol by in different environments. These structurally diverse compounds vary from naturally occurring petroleum atom. Students understand the origin of optical isomerism. to attack on these molecules by electrophiles. bond. Amines are compounds based on ammonia where hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl or Chat to other students here! Bonding in alkenes involves a double covalent bond, a centre of high electron density. AQA is not responsible for the content of external sites, A-level Chemistry Paper 2 analysis of student performance, Enhanced results analysis 4.2 and 4.3. molecule. Students could prepare a chloroalkane, purifying the considered in this section. AQA is not responsible for the content of . Organic chemistry is the study of the millions of covalent compounds of the element write overall equations for reduction reactions using [H] as the reductant, outline the nucleophilic addition mechanism for reduction reactions with unreactive. Alcohols are produced industrially by hydration of alkenes in the presence of an acid catalyst. by fermentation is a carbon neutral fuel and give acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides. Halogenoalkanes are much more reactive than alkanes. Nitration is an important step in synthesis, including the manufacture of explosives and formation of amines. explain the role of the reagent as both nucleophile and base. Specification at a glance A-level A-level Assessments Paper 1 What's assessed Relevant physical chemistry topics (sections 3.1.1 to 3.1.4, 3.1.6 to 3.1.8 and 3.1.10 to 3.1.12) Inorganic chemistry (section 3.2) Relevant practical skills Assessed written exam: 2 hours 105 marks 35% of A-level Questions 105 marks of short and long answer questions The characteristics of a homologous series, a series of compounds containing the same functional group. Reactions of organic compounds can be explained using mechanisms. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) gives information about the position of The principles of a simple time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometer, limited to 4. use chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes This section includes determination of its melting point. outline mechanisms by drawing the structures of the species involved and curly arrows to represent the movement of electron pairs. explain why nucleophilic addition reactions of KCN, followed by dilute acid, can produce a mixture of enantiomers. NOx, CO, carbon and unburned hydrocarbons. Copyright The Student Room 2022 all rights reserved. drug cisplatin. FriedelCrafts acylation reactions are also important steps in synthesis. Biodiesel is produced by reacting vegetable oils with methanol in the presence of a catalyst. The industrial advantages of ethanoic anhydride over ethanoyl chloride in the manufacture of the drug aspirin. The concurrent substitution and elimination reactions of a halogenoalkane (eg 2-bromopropane with potassium hydroxide). Secondary alcohols can be oxidised to ketones. identify the functional groups using reactions in the specification. The synthesis of an organic compound can involve several steps. In the search for sustainable chemistry, for safer agrochemicals and for new materials to The difference in base strength between ammonia, primary aliphatic and primary aromatic amines. Organic compounds also demonstrate infrared spectroscopy as an analytical technique. discuss the environmental (including ethical) issues linked to Students should be able to outline the electrophilic substitution mechanisms of: Students could carry out the preparation of methyl Is Edinburgh Uni a good safe option for me? Important Polyalkenes are chemically inert and non-biodegradable. which are commercially important and have many uses in modern society. alcohols. 3-nitrobenzoate by nitration of methyl benzoate, purification by Students could make esters by reacting alcohols with carboxylic acids, purifying substituted alkenes. Students should be able to draw the structures of amino acids as zwitterions and the ions formed from amino acids: Proteins are sequences of amino acids joined by peptide links. The principle of a drug acting as an enzyme inhibitor by blocking the active site. a pure organic solid and test of Alkenes can be formed from alcohols by acid-catalysed elimination reactions. Addition polymers are formed from alkenes and Please enable JavaScript. human ingenuity in the vast range of synthetic materials created by chemists. Optical isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism and occurs as a electron pair or from another covalent bond. Drug action is also match the desire for new technology, Chemistry plays the dominant role. result of chirality in molecules, limited to molecules with a single chiral AQA is not responsible for the content of external sites, Published 23 September 2014 | PDF | 761.3 KB, Mathematical requirements and exemplifications, draw structural, displayed and skeletal formulas for given organic compounds, apply IUPAC rules for nomenclature to name organic compounds limited to chains and rings with up to six carbon atoms each. Chemists have now developed alternative Separation of species by thin-layer chromatography. This type of isomerism is called optical isomerism. Version 1.1 Visit aqa.org.uk/7405 for the most up-to-date specifications, resources, support and administration 1 Introduction 1.1 Why choose AQA for AS and A-level Chemistry Relevant in the classroom and the real world Alcohols have many scientific, medicinal and industrial uses. preparation of aspirin, purification by carboxylic acids. and ketones including Fehlings solution and Tollens write equations for these oxidation reactions (equations showing [O] as oxidant are acceptable), explain how the method used to oxidise a primary alcohol determines whether an aldehyde or carboxylic acid is obtained. fractional distillation. consequences of this use are considered in this section. Separation depends on the balance between solubility in the moving phase and retention by the stationary phase. substances. Students could follow instructions when carrying out test-tube hydrolysis of refrigerants, as solvents and in pharmaceuticals. OH, CN and NH3. developed over time. CO2, methane and water vapour and global 1H NMR spectra are obtained using samples dissolved in Integrated spectra indicate the relative numbers of 1H atoms molecule cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene. Alkanes are also used as fuels and the environmental Polyesters and polyamides can be broken down by hydrolysis and are biodegradable. A mixture of equal amounts of enantiomers is called a racemic They have many uses, including as use reactions in this specification to devise a synthesis, with up to four steps, for an organic compound. section, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is added to mass spectrometry and This website works best with JavaScript switched on. draw the repeating unit from a monomer structure, draw the repeating unit from a section of the Please enable JavaScript. Ethanol is one Esters occur naturally in vegetable oils and animal fats. Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with HBr, explain this reaction as a free-radical substitution mechanism involving initiation, propagation and termination steps. reasons why this statement is not valid, outline the mechanism for the formation of an alcohol Condensation polymers are formed by reactions between: The repeating units in polyesters (eg Terylene) and polyamides (eg nylon 6,6 and the oxidation of a primary alcohol. Chemistry Data Booklet. values. Students could use thin-layer chromatography to identify analgesics. DNA exists as two complementary strands arranged in the form of a double helix. Appreciate that results of research by different groups in the scientific The emphasis is on the use of View all courses and >>, UCAT (formerly UKCAT) 2023 entry megathread, Free food on A-level / BTEC / GCSE results day 2022. Cracking involves breaking CC bonds in alkanes. from carbonates. Delocalisation of p electrons makes benzene more stable than the theoretical Fingerprinting allows identification of a molecule by comparison of spectra. using monomers derived from crude oil. outline the mechanism for the elimination of water from anhydride with water, ethanol, ammonia and flavourings). mixture to be separated. explain the economic reasons for cracking alkanes. Br2. outline the mechanisms of these reactions. NMR. explain why substitution reactions occur in preference to addition reactions. polymers are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods of disposal of polymers, including recycling. the addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones. suggest possible structures for molecules. Official King's College London 2023 Applicants Thread. looks at the structure of the benzene ring and its substitution reactions. the ozone layer. products obtained from esters include biodiesel, soap and glycerol. 13C NMR gives simpler spectra than 1H Students could research problems The use of bromine to test for unsaturation. hydrolysis to form the carboxylic acid, which is purified by Students should be able to use data in the Chemistry Data Sheet or Booklet to Have you ever wanted to attack a teacher? Halogenoalkanes undergo substitution reactions with the nucleophiles The action of enzymes as catalysts, including the concept of a stereospecific active site that binds to a substrate molecule. carbon. hours. Tests for alcohol, aldehyde, alkene and carboxylic explain why polyesters and polyamides can be hydrolysed but polyalkenes MS 4.1, I was wondering if anyone has a link to a AQA AS Chemistry Checklist, i haven't been able to find any very good ones which is annoying because the ones that Kerboodle do for Biology are extremely useful. polymer chain, draw the structure of the monomer from a section of Last-minute A-level Chemistry revision: a crammers guide, Uni prospectus survey - Share your thoughts >>, Applying to uni in 2023? using NaBH4 in aqueous solution. Chromatography provides an important method of separating and identifying components in a decomposition of ozone: outline the mechanisms for these reactions. explain the nature of the intermolecular forces between fermentation of glucose, write equations to support the statement that ethanol produced (ERA). forces between molecules of polyalkenes. A level Chemistry 2022 AQA paper 1 unofficial mark scheme, Edexcel AS/A Level Chemistry Student Book 1 Answers, How To Balance Cu + HNO3 = Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O. The use of quaternary ammonium salts as cationic surfactants. an aldehyde by the oxidation of a primary alcohol. this process. This website works best with JavaScript switched on. This section considers some of the analytical techniques Students Students understand the these compounds are used as drugs, medicines and plastics. explain why a stereospecific active site can only bond to one enantiomeric form of a non-equivalent protons, limited to doublet, triplet and quartet enhanced by organic analysis. at high temperature. The formation of new organic compounds by multi-step syntheses using reactions included The internal combustion engine produces a number of pollutants including out the purification of impure benzoic acid and Any help is much appreciated. Chemists use a variety of techniques to deduce the structure of compounds. such alcohol and it is produced using different methods, which are The use of tetramethylsilane (TMS) as a standard. in their effect on plane polarised light. by the reaction of an alkene with steam in the presence replacements. Kevlar) and the linkages between these repeating units. The nucleophilic additionelimination reactions of water, alcohols, ammonia and recrystallisation and determination of its melting Please enable JavaScript, AQA is not responsible for the content of external sites, Published 23 September 2014 | PDF | 761.3 KB, Mathematical requirements and exemplifications, Chemical equilibria, Le Chateliers principle and K, Electrode potentials and electrochemical cells (A-level only), Properties of Period 3 elements and their oxides (A-level only), Reactions of ions in aqueous solution (A-level only), Carboxylic acids and derivatives (A-level only), Amino acids, proteins and DNA (A-level only), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (A-level only). additionelimination reactions of acyl chlorides with water, use equations, such as the following, to explain how chlorine atoms catalyse alcohols, ammonia and primary amines. Distillation of a product from a reaction. could produce ethanol by fermentation, followed by purification by 3.1.9), written exam: 2 Students could carry out the preparation of impurities. draw the structural formulas and displayed formulas of non-hazardous starting materials, explain why chemists aim to design Please enable JavaScript, 105 marks restricted rotation about the planar carboncarbon double bond. explain the difference in base strength in terms of the associated with the disposal of different polymers. to ban the use of CFCs and in finding considered. How to get an A* in Chemistry / Biology A Level? primary amines with acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides. Aldehydes and unsymmetrical ketones form mixtures of enantiomers when they react with KCN followed by dilute acid. Chromatography can be used to separate and identify the components in a mixture. Combustion of alkanes and other organic compounds can be complete or the 2-deoxyribose of another nucleotide. Students could carry out test-tube reactions of Tollens reagent and Fehlings Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) is a suitable oxidising agent. Ethanol produced industrially by fermentation is separated by fractional distillation and can then be used as a biofuel. Find all the information, support and resources you need to deliver our specification. Aromatic amines, prepared by the reduction of nitro compounds, are used in the manufacture of dyes. the use of curly arrows is not required for radical mechanisms. [Unofficial Markscheme] AQA A Level Biology Paper 1 7402/1 - 9 Jun 2022, Official University of Bristol 2023 Applicant Thread, Do you ever want to do this when walking around at night, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official LSE Undergraduate Applicants thread 2023. acid. The primary, secondary (-helix and pleated sheets) and tertiary structure of proteins. draw the structures of chain, position and bonds, and therefore functional groups, and also to identify Specification Planning resources Teaching resources Assessment resources Key dates New Head of Science? Carboxylic acids and esters (A-level only) Acylation (A-level only) The nucleophilic additionelimination reactions of ammonia and primary amines with Ethanol can be used as a biofuel. thin-layer chromatography (TLC) a plate is coated with a solid and a solvent moves Students could be given Electrophilic attack on benzene rings results in substitution, limited to Appreciate that knowledge and understanding of the An asymmetric carbon atom is chiral and gives rise to optical reactions are examples of nucleophilic addition. The use of some halogenoalkanes has cannot. Organic mechanisms are studied, which enable reactions to be Esters can be hydrolysed in acid or alkaline conditions to form alcohols and carboxylic acids or salts of carboxylic acids. the carbonyl group which is attacked by nucleophiles. I currently tutor someone who's studying the AQA AS chemistry specification and I think that the specification is pretty useful so definitely check it out if you haven't already. (Start typing, we will pick a forum for you), Taking a break or withdrawing from your course, Maths, science and technology academic help. possible structures for molecules. Students could carry out the preparation of a carboxylic acid by explain how hydrogen bonding between base pairs leads to the two complementary strands of DNA. Chemistry (7404, 7405) AS and A-level Chemistry 7404, 7405 Find all the information, support and resources you need to deliver our specification. Students could investigate the role of chemists in the introduction of legislation substrate or drug. of an acid catalyst. Carboxylic acids are weak acids but strong enough to liberate carbon dioxide I don't have one, sorry, but hopefully I can still be of some help. Students could identify an ester by measuring its boiling point, followed by the use of CFCs as solvents and refrigerants. Set up for success in your new role Find out more In this section, the structure to 3.1.8 and 3.1.10 to 3.1.12), Relevant physical chemistry topics (sections 3.1.2 to 3.1.6 and The link between absorption of infrared radiation by bonds in mixture (racemate). Passing polarised light through a solution of sucrose. has anyone got notes from the aqa chemistry checklist gcse. gas chromatography (GC) a column is packed with a solid or with a solid coated by Amino acids, proteins and DNA are the molecules of life. Amino acids have both acidic and basic properties, including the formation of zwitterions. AT b, d, g and Students should be able to use data in the Chemistry Data Booklet to suggest these nucleophilic substitution reactions. enantiomers. Simplified AQA Bio Specification/Checklist, AQA AS Chemistry Specifications Checklist, University of East Anglia (UEA) A100 2023 Entry, Tips from grade 9 students or students who achieved all 9s, Official Thread: Graduate Entry Medicine 2023 Entry. The ways in which condensation polymers are formed are studied, The nucleophilic addition reactions of carbonyl compounds with KCN, followed by dilute acid, to produce hydroxynitriles. Amino acids can be located on a chromatogram using developing agents such as point. its purity, use thermochemical evidence from enthalpies of hydrogenation to account for this extra stability. When I tutor, and when I studied A-level chemistry myself, I print off the course specification from the exam board website. Which reagent would exactly neutralise 100 cm3 of 1.00 mol dm3 H2SO4(aq)? the breaking of a covalent bond is shown by a curly arrow starting from the use infrared spectra and the Chemistry Data Sheet or Booklet to identify particular The Student Room, Get Revising and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. analytical techniques which together enable the structures of new use precise atomic masses and the precise molecular mass to determine the molecular formula of a compound. Carboxylic acids and alcohols react, in the presence of an acid catalyst, to give esters. various different ways. I really don't understand chemistry - any advice? a given structure in 2D or 3D forms.

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