If this is the case you would list the author(s) in alphabetical order (by the first author of each piece of work) with a semicolon separating the citations, e.g. It presents XML concepts and languages, and compares the XML model to traditional database models. (Full date of publication). Note that proper names,acronyms, and abbreviations are alwayscapitalized. Name of blog. or Corporate Author. HMSO. Editorial Assistant: Kelsey Loanes Associate Project Manager, Rights and Permissions: Copyright 2016, 2011, 2007 by Ramez Elmasri and Shamkant B. Navathe. Earth Sciences, Ecology, Environmental Research Across Disciplines, Law, Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, Physician Assistant, Public Health, Economics, Government, History, Political Science. URL (if available), Bernini, G. (ca. Chapter 16 describes primary methods of organizing files of records on disk, including ordered (sorted), unordered (heap), and hashed files; both static and dynamic hashing techniques for disk files are covered. URL (if available), Bebbington, D. (1969). 2, 163-176 (2009). If not on article, check database record/abstract (sometimes labeled as DOI). Energy Bill Explanatory Notes HLB 56-EN, 2015-2016. Download. Muse du Louvre, Paris, France. Access may vary depending on subscription version: Use the following examples depending on which formof access. https://bsol.bsigroup.com, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. This guidance is for citing and referencing images and figures that you are referring to in your work. Twitter. NMU is an equal opportunity Institution. URL (if available). Not all tags get addressed in a timely manner, staying in place for months or years, forming an ever-growing Wikipedia backlogthis itself can be a problem. For conference proceedings that have been published in a journal, follow the format for a Journal Article (Print or Electronic). (Mich. 2021). (2015, Visual Themes section, para. (n.d.). Use as cited in if the author has cited the work of another, e.g. URL or doi, Dafnis, B. (2018). Office of Head Start, Early Childhood Learning & Knowledge Center. (2002)(Simon et al., 2002). (Vol. Emerging methods and concepts. (Date). Dan Forsythe and Satish Damle for discussion of storage systems; Rafi Ahmed for detailed re-organization of the material on query processing and optimization; Harish Butani, Balaji Palanisamy, and Prajakta Kalmegh for their help with the Hadoop and MapReduce technology material; Vic Ghorpadey and Nenad Jukic for revision of the Data Warehousing material; and finally, Frank Rietta for newer techniques in database security, Kunal Malhotra for various discussions, and Saurav Sahay for advances in information retrieval systems. (Ed(s).). Chapter 20 introduces the techniques needed for transaction processing systems, and defines the concepts of recoverability and serializability of schedules; it has a new sec- tion on buffer replacement policies for DBMSs and a new discussion on the concept of snapshot isolation. URL, House of Commons. For students who have completed a course on file organization, parts of these chapters can be assigned as reading material or some exercises can be assigned as a review for these concepts. LinkedIn. Also do not forget to italicize title. Jointly funded by the University Libraries and the DAmore-McKim School of Business. http://www.npg.org.uk/beatles/exhib.htm, Cooper, T. (2013-2014). Elsevier Science & Technology. Stereotype threat affects financial decision making. (E. Easwaran, Trans. Publisher if not the same as the author. (Year). " [Table]. (2022). When you cite the resource for the second time onwards, if the corporation has a recognised abbreviation, you should use the abbreviation of the name: Author surname, initial(s). The Museum has identified these as. Kindle) that you access the ebook from is not included in the reference. In S. Sadie (Ed.). For example, in the above example the series of books is called Advances in Librarianship. Nasser Dallash. If the corporation/association/government agency has a short named, or an abbreviation that would not be easily understandable, then you would use the full name in all citations, e.g. Perspectives on libraries as institutions of human rights and social justice (pp. (Year). Instead, provide only the URL. BBC. We also have a plagiarism detection system where all our papers are scanned before being delivered to clients. John Smethwicke. Shows how to reference & cite in-text articles which were NOT assigned a DOI (digital object identifier). For an in-text citation within your work, you would cite the reference as follows: Homer (ca. URL or doi, Nagel, A., Reiner, R. & Wolf, P. (2015). (2016). Name of sculpture [Sculpture]. Magazine Article, from most academic research databases or print version. Vella, A. (2015). (Year(s) series aired). White Rose eTheses Online. Download. Editor Surname, Initial(s). SIAM (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics) Journals Online, Answering Questions Using SimplyAnalytics, Sixties : Primary Documents and Personal Narratives 1960-1974 (Alexander Street), Slavery in America and the World: History, Culture, Law (Hein), Social Sciences Citation Index: SSCI (Clarivate), Social Sciences Premium Collection (ProQuest), South Asia Newspapers 1864-1922 (World Newspaper Archive), South China Morning Post: 1903-2000 (ProQuest Historical Newspapers), SPIE Digital Library: International Society of Optical Engineers, Springer Experiments / Springer Protocols, State Papers Online, 1509-1714 (Parts I-IV, Gale Cengage), Statistical Abstract of the U.S. (ProQuest), 1878 - 2012, see the Bureau of the Census, Times of India: 1838-2010 (ProQuest Historical Newspapers), Times of London Digital Archive (Gale Cengage), TRAIL: Technical Report Archive and Image Library, Transportation Research Board Publications, U.S. History in Context (formerly History Resource Center US) (Gale Cengage). If a popular title to the image does not exist then you will need to supply the image with a title, in square brackets, providing the following where possible: The name or place of the object depicted, i.e. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/213137/National-Framework-for-NHS-CHC-NHS-FNC-Nov-2012.pdf, Office for Nuclear Regulation. If more than one of your citations is written by the same author and have the same year of publication, then use a lower case letter after the publication date. Recommendation: if no section names, count paragraphs from beginning of book. The label does not have to state where it comes from" (Wilson, 2009, p. 257). (Original work published), Homer. This should match your citation in the text, e.g. Williams, A. (Year). (2020, July 9). APA Style 7th edition: Course Materials (2020; HD) (3:01) Interscope Records. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. The Prodigy. Title of Article. Title of entry. Affordability is in our DNA. (Year). (IEA Discussions Paper No. APA 7th ed. (2022). Tab name [Item type]. Cheap as chips: Is a healthy diet affordable? When citing an amendment to the U.S. Constitution or state constitutions, please consult APA Manual, Section 11.9. In J. Bate & E. Rasmussen (Eds). is an online collection of streaming video developed specifically for training and developing teachers. (2021). The Police (Amendment) (No.2) Regulations 2006 SI 2006/3449. Carter and Lawless (2010)(Carter & Lawless, 2010). However, APA rules are different when citing court cases. What school could be if it were designed for kids with autism. Use the webpages and websites category if there is no other reference category that fits and the work has no parent or overarching publication (e.g. Some references do not have issue numbers for journal/periodical runs. Title of periodical, Volume(Issue), page range. Recording artist surname, initial(s) or group. If the data set is untitled, provide a description of the publication status and focus of the data in square brackets instead, e.g. where xxxx refers to the DOI number. Book - Mechanical Design 9th Edition. That's not an opinion. Elsevier Science Direct, as the path you used to retrieve the book is not relevant. Publisher. Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission (2016)(Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission, 2016). doi, Anderson, K. J. In this example, the full heading would have been "Social Obligations of Those In Power and How They Influence People". APA 7th edition now allows for DOI or URL Shorteners (Section 9.36. p. 300). Microeconomics analyzes what's viewed as basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and markets, their (2005). (Eds.). Fox Searchlight Productions. https://soundcloud.com/soas-university-of-london/babylon-falling-black-lives-matter-monuments-and-the-decolonisation-of-public-space. Similar to APA example for UpToDate, provide only the year of publication, not complete revised/updated date. Title Paper number, session. A wittie and pleasant comedie called the taming of the shrew. http://www.npg.org.uk/beatles/sixty9.htm, Hilliard, N. (ca. In P. Salkovis (Ed. Site name. Neptune and Triton [Sculpture]. Michigan legislative document GOV.UK. Website name if different from the author. Select Committee on Economic Affairs. Pamsvax XL 400 micrograms capsules [Drug information]. Oxford University Press. The craft of research. If retrieved from course management system, provide login URL, not the exact URL of the content. delivers the sounds of all regions from every continent. Site name. The student or professional researcher is responsible for preparing content which complies with APA style. The chapters in Parts 1 through 7 can be used in an introductory course on database systems in the order that they are given or in the preferred order of individual instructors. Personal communications do not appear in the reference list, but are cited within text as follows: Narrative citation: J. Campbell(personal communication, October 13, 2019). University of Sheffield Library (2019)(University of Sheffield Library, 2019). Holding Institution, Location. SOLiD System Accuracy [Fact sheet]. Government department. What is New in The Seventh Edition Online book content Table of Contents; Preface; Online Chapters; Bibliography . Title of TV series [TV series]. Locating the date of a website and webpages can be difficult, the page you are looking at may tell you at the beginning or the end of the page or document. NOTES: (2014). Photograph]. This project was partially funded with federal assistance from the Institute of Museum and Library Services and administered by the Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners. You may find that some dictionaries do not name an editor, if this is the case start with the title of dictionary in place of the editor. However, if that ebook is ONLYavailable from that database, then such additional information is provided in the reference. (Shakespeare, 2007a) (Shakespeare, 2007b). Name of act and year. Guideline Central. APA 7th ed. Title of webpage. (2014). The climate and ecological crisis can no longer be solved within today's political and economic systems. URL (if available), Beatles to Bowie: the 60s exposed [Exhibition]. and paragraph number. Counseling Psychology, 57(4), 915-921. Chapter 18 presents algo- rithms for searching for records on disk files, and for joining records from two files (tables), as well as for other relational operations. The above is an interpretation of the general referencing rules of APA. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE], (2015)(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE], 2015), Organisation that made the standard. doi:10.1177/0022219408326219. Note: Examples and resources on this guide were developed to help the student or professional researcher--as they are responsible for preparing content which complies with APA style. of Educ. Selected chap- ters and sections may be left out and the instructor can add other chapters from the rest of the book, depending on the emphasis of the course. Title of dissertation [Description]. An introduction to the study of education (4th ed.). [Unpublished raw data on]. Victoria and Albert Museum, London, England. For an in-text citation for one or two artists, you would use all artists in your citation (either band names or recording artists surnames): The Prodigy (1996)(The Prodigy, 1996). In the new edition, there is extensive discussion about citing "Traditional Knowledge or Oral Traditions of Indigenous Peoples" (pp. https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/building-sustainable-homes, Mintel. Proficiency in a second language influences the processing of number words. In D. Harris (Ed.). African American Studies, History, Political Science, Sociology, Art & Design, Communications Studies, Media and Screen Studies, History, Media and Screen Studies, Sociology, Allied Health, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging, Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant, Respiratory Therapy, Speech Pathology & Audiology. (2016, July 18). Taylor, B. Download Free PDF View PDF. In Jossey-Bass. Allow word processors to automatically split DOIs and URLs between lines, or place themon the next line leaving a partial line above. College physics professor inspires with viral classroom lessons [TV series episode]. MI Revised School Code), http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-380-1280a, https://go.boarddocs.com/mi/marquette/Board.nsf/Public?open&id=policies, http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?2021-HB-5084, http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?2019-HB-4303, https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/MIEOG/2020/04/05/file_attachments/1419769/EO%202020-37.pdf, https://files.eric.ed.gov./fulltext/ED472733.pdf, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED451856.pdf, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED416553.pdf, https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED425722.pdf, ERIC documents, retrieved microfiche source (pending), https://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1589&context=theses, http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/umi-uncg-1429.pdf, Database (PubChem example), Data Set/Bank, https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4-Nitrophenol, https://wwwn.cdc.gov/NIOSH-WHC/chart/brfss-msd?OU=HAVARTH3&T=A&V=R, APA Style 7th edition: How to insert page numbers, & running head with prefix "Running head" (instructor preference) (2020; HD) (3:23), APA Style 7th edition: Articles assigned a DOI (2020; HD) (6:00), APA style 7th edition: Articles not assigned a DOI (2020; HD) (6:55), APA Style 7th edition: Books (2020; HD) (6:03), APA Style 7th edition: Course Materials (2020; HD) (3:01), APA Style 7th edition: Webpages (2020; HD) (4:16), APA Style 7th edition: Video materials (2020; HD) (3:42), APA Style 7th edition Comprehensive version of above videos (2020; SD) (20:33), APA Style 7th edition: How to locate & reference an ebook through NMU Library (SD), APA Style 7th edition: How-to reference articles with DOIs (comprehensive), APA Style 7th edition: How-to reference books (comprehensive), Heading Levels Template: Professional Paper (PDF, 179KB), Heading Levels Template: Student Paper (PDF, 198KB). (2016). Women's health after bariatric surgery. Author Surname, Initial(s). A total life-cycle database design and implementation project would cover conceptual design (Chapters 3 and 4), relational databases (Chapters 5, 6, and 7), data model mapping (Chapter 9), normalization (Chapter 14), and application programs implementation with SQL (Chapter 10). Government Department. Publisher. (pp. 6). Include a description of the item in square brackets, e.g. (American Psychological Association. (2009). In the 7th edition, it is acceptable to allow word processing software to automatically split the URL between multiple lines, or move the URL to begin on the next line (APA Manual, Section 9.35). In the 7th edition of #APAStyle, a running head will not be required in student papers. [Screen name]. (Year). Microsoft and/or its respective, suppliers hereby disclaim all warranties and conditions with regard to this information, including all warranties, and conditions of merchantability. URL, TED (2020, July 20). If you cannot identify an author, and it has not been designated. (Full date of publication). Multiple references by the same author are listed chronologically. WorldTradeLaw.Net is available courtesy of the Northeastern School of Law Library. Coen, E. & Coen, J. Include parent agency in site name position. (2017). Name of institution. If you can only find the screen name of the author, then you would provide it as the author without using brackets, Use the name of the page, caption, or the content of the page as the title, up to 20 words. 1. Feminist social work. Photograph. Komisarof & Hua (2016)(Komisarof & Hua, 2016). Author Surname, Initial(s). If slides are from a site which requires a user login, e.g. H.B. If the emphasis of a course is on database design, then the instructor should cover Chapters 3 and 4 early on, followed by the presentation of relational databases. Related Papers. The journal title, or title of a book (if it is an edited book), and publisher's name all need to be given in Roman script, but do not need to be translated. "Floor Effects Associated With Universal Screening and, Their Impact on the Early Identification of Reading Disabilities." Add a lower case letter to the date in order to differentiate. Essential social psychology (3rd ed.). URL, American Association for the International Association for Testing Materials. [If online] URL/doi, Lane, J. D., Evans, E. M., Brink, K. A., & Wellman, H. M. (2016). Xbox Game Studios. Cambridge University Press, p. 119. In Editor Initial(s). artificial intelligence (AI). URL (optional). For executive orders, use the example in the APA style Manual 7th edition Section 11.7 #21, and adapt for state materials. Note: If you are using APA style 7th edition and your instructor prefers that the words "Running head" are not included, please ignore that portion of the video. Mori, S. (2016). Journal Article published by BMC which provides an article number or eLocator in place of page numbers, and no issue number was provided. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511802560, Stewart, F., Ranis, G., & Samman, E. (2018). (2016, July 18). In this case, include a description of the format within the square brackets after "Album" and a semicolon, e.g. Note that text is not italicized. (Year, Month Day). Welcome to Library and Instructional Support. Author surname, initial(s). Settle, & T. Steinbach (Chair). Photograph]. Retrieved from URL, The University of Sheffield [@theuniversityofsheffield]. Allen, N. L. (1992). BSOL Standards Online, provide the URL of the homepage or login page instead of the URL for the particular item that you have accessed. Title of article. House of Lords (2016)(House of Lords, 2016). Title of item (Translator initial(s). Garage sale (Season 7, Episode 18) [TV series episode]. Production company. New for APA 7th ed. "Provide name of the database or archive when it publishes original, proprietary works available only in that database" (APA Manual, Section 9.30). Ramez Elmasri Department of Computer Science and Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington Shamkant B. Navathe College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology, Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken, Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto, Delhi Mexico City So Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Operations Specialist: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Marcia J. Horton Cover Designer: Black Horse Designs, Acquisitions Editor: Matt Goldstein Manager, Rights and Permissions: Rachel Youdelman. Check the first page of article (usually in smaller print near journal logo, copyright, or near author email address). U.S. Government document, no publication number, retrieved print format. Production company. (Year). https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/958/879, Torrance and Goldband (2020)(Torrance & Goldband, 2020), Author Surname, Initial(s). These all display as: Example: 87 percent of statistics are made up on the spot. Includes articles retrieved from most academic research databases or print version. Bobcomb, P. (2005). Intellectual Property Office. For an in-text citation in your work for one or two authors, you would use all surnames when you cite the resource: Homer (ca. (2015, December 15). (2002). For up to and including twenty authors, include all authors' names and use an ampersand before the final author's name: Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., Author Surname, Initial(s)., & Author Surname, Initial(s) (Year). Moore, M. S., & Levitan, L. In wiki markup, you can question an uncited claim by inserting a simple {{Citation needed}} tag, or a more comprehensive {{Citation needed|reason=Your explanation here|date=November 2022}}. Helical gradient coil for magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (Great Britain Patent No. Retrieved (Month Day, Year if using a Google map or similar), from URL. (Original work published 1597), Shakespeare, W. (1993). : Booth et al. 7th ed. The Stationery Office. or Corporate Author. U.S. Government webpage. For an in-text citation in your work for one or two directors, you would use all director surnames in your citation: Coen and Coen (2007)(Coen & Coen, 2007). (2009). This is when you reference one author who is referring to the work of another, and the primary source is not available. "Do not use a copyright date from a webpage or website footer" (APA Manual, Section 9.13). Exit West Mohsin Hamid 2017-03-07 FINALIST FOR THE BOOKER. Swindled: from poison sweets to counterfeit coffee - the dark history of the food cheats. You can't catch me [Song]. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2006/3449/pdfs/uksi_20063449_en.pdf. [Unpublished doctoral thesis]. (Date in full). For an in-text citation in your work for three or more creators, use the name of only the first author followed by "et al." Chapter ii. Publisher. 800 B.C.E. Minecraft Dungeons [Xbox One]. Title of chapter. If the corporation/association/government agency has a short named, or an abbreviation that would not be easily understandable, then you would use the full name in all citations, e.g. [Conference presentation]. Fusosha. Note that text is not italicized. Back Bay Books. Chapter 14 defines functional dependencies, and the normal forms that are based on functional dependencies. Tab name [Item type]. Basil Blackwell Ltd. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 32(1), 216-220. House of Commons. Include date of retrieval because content is designed to change and is not archived. In. URL, Marshall Aid Commemoration Commission. Smith, A., Jones, B., & Wilkinson, A. Production Company. Ramez Elmasri would like to thank Kulsawasd Jitkajornwanich, Vivek Sharma, and Surya Swaminathan for their help with preparing some of the material in Chap- ter 24. Polomano, R. C.,& Fillman, M.(2017). Chapter 21 includes a new presentation of concurrency control methods that are based on the snapshot isolation concept. Floor effects associated withuniversal screening and their impact on the early. Publisher. we will describe them later in the preface when we discuss the organization of the seventh edition. Note to also properly caption & cite the resulting graphic or table. (Date Year, Month day). If your work has been tagged, please provide a reliable source for the statement, and discuss if needed. Note: For these types of articles, 7th ed. NHS Digital (2019)(NHS Digital, 2019). Publisher if not the same as the author. (2015). Education, History, Special Collections, Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, Allied Health, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging, Health Sciences, Nursing, Nutrition, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant, Respiratory Therapy, Speech Pathology & Audiology, Allied Health, Athletic Training, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Aging, Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physical Therapy, Physician Assistant, Respiratory Therapy, Speech Pathology & Audiology, Business, Communications Studies, Economics, Government, International Affairs, Journalism, Media and Screen Studies, Military/Naval Science, Political Science, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Health Sciences, Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Public Health, Regulatory Affairs in Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices. Recommendation: If the webpage is also available as an online document/report (for example in PDF), please download that report and provide that URL. This page intentionally left blank, Contents Preface vii About the Authors xxx part, 1.3 Characteristics of the Database Approach 10, 1.6 Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach 17, 1.7 A Brief History of Database Applications 23, 1.9 Summary 27 Review Questions 28 Exercises 28 Selected Bibliography 29, 2.1 Data Models, Schemas, and Instances 32, 2.2 Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence 36, 2.3 Database Languages and Interfaces 38, 2.4 The Database System Environment 42, 2.5 Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs 46, 2.6 Classification of Database Management Systems 51, 2.7 Summary 54 Review Questions 55 Exercises 55 Selected Bibliography 56, Data Modeling Using the EntityRelationship (ER) chapter, 3.1 Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design 60, 3.3 Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys 63, 3.4 Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints 72, 3.6 Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY Database 80, 3.7 ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues 81, 3.8 Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams 85, 3.9 Relationship Types of Degree Higher than Two 88, 3.10 Another Example: A UNIVERSITY Database 92, 3.11 Summary 94 Review Questions 96 Exercises 96 Laboratory Exercises 103 Selected Bibliography 104, The Enhanced EntityRelationship (EER) chapter, 4.1 Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance 108, 4.2 Specialization and Generalization 110, 4.3 Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization Hierarchies 113, 4.4 Modeling of UNION Types Using Categories 120, 4.5 A Sample UNIVERSITY EER Schema, Design Choices, and Formal Definitions 122, 4.6 Example of Other Notation: Representing Specialization and Generalization in UML Class Diagrams 127, 4.7 Data Abstraction, Knowledge Representation, and Ontology Concepts 128, 4.8 Summary 135 Review Questions 135 Exercises 136 Laboratory Exercises 143 Selected Bibliography 146, The Relational Data Model and Relational chapter, 5.2 Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas 157, 5.3 Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations 165, 5.4 Summary 169 Review Questions 170 Exercises 170 Selected Bibliography 175, 6.1 SQL Data Definition and Data Types 179, 6.3 Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL 187, 6.4 INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL 198, 6.6 Summary 202 Review Questions 203 Exercises 203 Selected Bibliography 205, More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, chapter, 7.1 More Complex SQL Retrieval Queries 207, 7.2 Specifying Constraints as Assertions and Actions as Triggers 225, 7.4 Schema Change Statements in SQL 232, 7.5 Summary 234 Review Questions 236 Exercises 236 Selected Bibliography 238, The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus 239 chapter, 8.1 Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT 241, 8.2 Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory 246 xx Contents, 8.3 Binary Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION 251, 8.4 Additional Relational Operations 259, 8.5 Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra 265, 8.7 The Domain Relational Calculus 277, 8.8 Summary 279 Review Questions 280 Exercises 281 Laboratory Exercises 286 Selected Bibliography 288, Relational Database Design by ER- and chapter, 9.1 Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping 290, 9.2 Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations 298, 9.3 Summary 303 Review Questions 303 Exercises 303 Laboratory Exercises 305 Selected Bibliography 306, Introduction to SQL Programming chapter, 10.1 Overview of Database Programming Techniques and Issues 310, 10.2 Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQL J 314, 10.3 Database Programming with Function Calls and Class Libraries: SQL/CLI and JDBC 326, 10.4 Database Stored Procedures and SQL/PSM 335, 10.5 Comparing the Three Approaches 338, 10.6 Summary 339 Review Questions 340 Exercises 340 Selected Bibliography 341, Web Database Programming Using PHP 343 chapter, 11.2 Overview of Basic Features of PHP 346, 11.3 Overview of PHP Database Programming 353, 11.4 Brief Overview of Java Technologies for Database Web Programming 358, 11.5 Summary 358 Review Questions 359 Exercises 359 Selected Bibliography 359, 12.1 Overview of Object Database Concepts 365, 12.2 Object Database Extensions to SQL 379, 12.3 The ODMG Object Model and the Object Definition Language ODL 386, 12.4 Object Database Conceptual Design 405, 12.5 The Object Query Language OQL 408, 12.6 Overview of the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard 417, 12.7 Summary 418 Review Questions 420 Exercises 421 Selected Bibliography 422, XML: Extensible Markup Language 425 chapter, 13.1 Structured, Semistructured, and Unstructured Data 426, 13.2 XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model 430, 13.3 XML Documents, DTD, and XML Schema 433, 13.4 Storing and Extracting XML Documents from Databases 442, 13.6 Extracting XML Documents from Relational Databases 447, 13.7 XML/SQL: SQL Functions for Creating XML Data 453, 13.8 Summary 455 Review Questions 456 Exercises 456 Selected Bibliography 456 xxii Contents, Basics of Functional Dependencies chapter, 14 and Normalization for Relational Databases 459, 14.1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas 461, 14.3 Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys 474, 14.4 General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms 483, 14.6 Multivalued Dependency and Fourth Normal Form 491, 14.7 Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form 494, 14.8 Summary 495 Review Questions 496 Exercises 497 Laboratory Exercises 501 Selected Bibliography 502, Relational Database Design Algorithms chapter, 15.1 Further Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules, Equivalence, and Minimal Cover 505, 15.2 Properties of Relational Decompositions 513, 15.3 Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design 519, 15.4 About Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Alternative Relational Designs 523, 15.5 Further Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF 527, 15.6 Other Dependencies and Normal Forms 530, 15.7 Summary 533 Review Questions 534 Exercises 535 Laboratory Exercises 536 Selected Bibliography 537, Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, chapter, 16 Hashing, and Modern Storage Architectures 541, 16.6 Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files) 567, 16.7 Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files) 568, 16.9 Other Primary File Organizations 582, 16.10 Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology 584, 16.11 Modern Storage Architectures 588, 16.12 Summary 592 Review Questions 593 Exercises 595 Selected Bibliography 598, Indexing Structures for Files and Physical chapter, 17.1 Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes 602, 17.3 Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees, 17.6 Some General Issues Concerning Indexing 638, 17.7 Physical Database Design in Relational Databases 643, 17.8 Summary 646 Review Questions 647 Exercises 648 Selected Bibliography 650 xxiv Contents, Strategies for Query Processing 655 chapter, 18.1 Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra and Other Operators 657, 18.2 Algorithms for External Sorting 660, 18.3 Algorithms for SELECT Operation 663, 18.4 Implementing the JOIN Operation 668, 18.5 Algorithms for PROJECT and Set Operations 676, 18.6 Implementing Aggregate Operations and Different Types of JOINs 678, 18.7 Combining Operations Using Pipelining 681, 18.8 Parallel Algorithms for Query Processing 683, 18.9 Summary 688 Review Questions 688 Exercises 689 Selected Bibliography 689, 19.1 Query Trees and Heuristics for Query Optimization 692, 19.2 Choice of Query Execution Plans 701, 19.3 Use of Selectivities in Cost-Based Optimization 710, 19.4 Cost Functions for SELECT Operation 714, 19.5 Cost Functions for the JOIN Operation 717, 19.6 Example to Illustrate Cost-Based Query Optimization 726, 19.7 Additional Issues Related to Query Optimization 728, 19.8 An Example of Query Optimization in Data Warehouses 731, 19.9 Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle 733, 19.11 Summary 738 Review Questions 739 Exercises 740 Selected Bibliography 740, Introduction to Transaction Processing chapter, 20.1 Introduction to Transaction Processing 746, 20.2 Transaction and System Concepts 753, 20.3 Desirable Properties of Transactions 757, 20.4 Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability 759, 20.5 Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability 763, 20.7 Summary 776 Review Questions 777 Exercises 777 Selected Bibliography 779, Concurrency Control Techniques 781 chapter, 21.1 Two-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control 782, 21.2 Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering 792, 21.3 Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques 795, 21.4 Validation (Optimistic) Techniques and Snapshot Isolation Concurrency Control 798, 21.5 Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking 800, 21.6 Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes 805, 21.7 Other Concurrency Control Issues 806, 21.8 Summary 807 Review Questions 808 Exercises 809 Selected Bibliography 810, Database Recovery Techniques 813 chapter, 22.2 NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update 821, 22.3 Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update 823 xxvi Contents, 22.6 Recovery in Multidatabase Systems 831, 22.7 Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures 832, 22.8 Summary 833 Review Questions 834 Exercises 835 Selected Bibliography 838, Distributed Database Concepts 841 chapter, 23.1 Distributed Database Concepts 842, 23.2 Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design 847, 23.3 Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases 854, 23.4 Overview of Transaction Management in Distributed Databases 857, 23.5 Query Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases 859, 23.6 Types of Distributed Database Systems 865, 23.7 Distributed Database Architectures 868, 23.8 Distributed Catalog Management 875, 23.9 Summary 876 Review Questions 877 Exercises 878 Selected Bibliography 880, NOSQL Databases and Big Data Storage chapter, 24.1 Introduction to NOSQL Systems 884, 24.3 Document-Based NOSQL Systems and MongoDB 890, 24.5 Column-Based or Wide Column NOSQL Systems 900, 24.6 NOSQL Graph Databases and Neo4j 903, 24.7 Summary 909 Review Questions 909 Selected Bibliography 910, Contents xxvii Big Data Technologies Based on MapReduce chapter, 25.2 Introduction to MapReduce and Hadoop 916, 25.3 Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) 921, 25.4 MapReduce: Additional Details 926, 25.7 Summary 953 Review Questions 954 Selected Bibliography 956, Enhanced Data Models: Introduction to Active, chapter, 26.1 Active Database Concepts and Triggers 963, 26.5 Introduction to Deductive Databases 999, 26.6 Summary 1012 Review Questions 1014 Exercises 1015 Selected Bibliography 1018, Introduction to Information Retrieval chapter, Lihat dokumen lengkap (1273 Halaman - 4.30MB). 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